Fig. 2

Restricted Cubic Spline models for the relationship between vitamin D and handgrip strength with incident dementia in women and men. A Grip strength and dementia in women; B Grip strength and dementia in men; C Vitamin D and dementia in women; D Vitamin D and dementia in men. The 95% CIs of the adjusted hazard ratios are represented by the shaded area. Restricted Cubic Spline model is adjusted for age, ethnicity, education level, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, smoking status, BMI, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, depression, TC, HDL, LDL, APOE e4 genotype, and we adjusted for vitamin D in handgrip strength analysis or for handgrip strength in vitamin D analysis