Table 1 TRPV family ion channel function and distribution

TRPV1

Regulation:

Temperature;

Pressure;

Osmotic pressure;

pH

Capsaicin;

Heat;

Na⁺;

Ca²⁺;

Acidosis; H⁺;

Endogenous agonists

Variety of tissues and

cell types

[75, 76]

TRPV2

Regulation:

Temperature

Cell migration;

Innate immune system

Ca²⁺;

Heat

Skeletal muscle;

Cardiac muscle;

Neurons;

Heart;

Gastrointestinal tract;

Lung;

Pancreas;

Retina;

Brain

[77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85]

TRPV3

Regulation:

Temperature;

Synaptic plasticity

Ca²⁺;

Bradykinin;

Histamine;

ATP;

PKC;

PGE₂;

a-hydroxyl acids;

2-APB;

PIP₂;

Heat

Tongue;

Testis;

Skin keratinocytes

[86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96]

TRPV4

Regulation:

Mechanical;

Osmotic pressure

Ca²⁺;

Heat

Chondrocyte;

Adipocytes;

Vascular endothelium;

Retina;

Neurons

[97,98,99,100,101,102,103]

TRPV5

Regulation:

pH;

Ca²⁺selective

TRP channel;

Inward rectification of the current-

voltage

Ca²⁺;

E₂;

1,25-(OH)₂D₃;

Calcitonin;

Klotho;

PTH;

Testosterone;

Vasopressin;

MUC1;

PIP₂

Bone;

Kidney;

Placenta

[10,11,12,13,14, 104, 105]

TRPV6

Regulation:

Ca²⁺selective

TRP channel

Ca²⁺;

1,25-(OH)₂D₃;

Ba²⁺;

Sr²⁺;

Mn²⁺;

Zn²⁺;

Cd²⁺;

La³⁺;

Gd³⁺;

PIP₂

Intestinal enterocytes;

Kidney;

Placenta;

Uterus;

Pancreas;

Epididymal epithelium;

Brain;

Stomach

[14, 106,107,108]