Fig. 1
From: SDMA attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through inhibition of STAT4
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) inhibits the expression of pro-fibrotic markers in renal cells. HK2 human renal epithelial cells were starved overnight and followed by stimulation with TGF-β and treatment with different concentration (0.01–10 µM) of SDMA for 48 h. Western blotting (A) was performed to analyze the expression of fibronectin (B), N-cadherin (C) and phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3) (D). Data represents mean ± SD. One representative result of at least three independent experiments is shown. NS represents not significant. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001