Fig. 3

Reducing glycolysis levels significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced PMT. 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) was used to reduce the level of glycolysis. A Effects of 2-DG on the ECAR in TGF-β1-induced PMT. B, C and D Statistical analyses of glycolysis, glycolytic capacity and glycolytic reserve in the ECAR. E Immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA (red) and nuclei (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. F Gene expression of α-SMA, vimentin and desmin. G Gene expression of glycolytic enzymes downstream of HKII in the glycolytic pathway. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3–5)