Fig. 2

Glycolysis in carbon metabolism was prominently enhanced during TGF-β1-induced PMT. Pericytes stimulated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h were recognized as myofibroblasts. A Schematic diagram of glycolysis; B Change in the levels of glycolysis metabolites during PMT. Control: inactive pericyte, TGF-β1-24 h: pericyte stimulated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h, TGF-β1-48 h: pericyte stimulated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h. C Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in pericytes and myofibroblasts, followed by sequential treatments with glucose, oligomycin A, and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). The level of glycolysis, glycolytic capacity and glycolytic reserve in the TGF-β1-48 h group were higher than those of the control group. D, E Representative Western blots and the gene expression of key glycolytic enzymes. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3–4)