Fig. 5

Potential ligand and receptor interactions between PCs and tumor cells. A Crosstalk pattern diagram showing signaling from tumor cells to plasma cells and from plasma cells to tumor cells. The internal heatmap shows the communication probability of the selected L/R pair crosstalk between tumor cells of six different states and IgG1 and IgA1 PCs. The differentially expressed L/R pairs between tumor and normal samples from the TCGA-BLCA cohort are marked in red, and those between samples from responding versus nonresponding patients from IMvigor210 are marked in brown; those in both cohorts are marked in purple. The differential expression analysis was performed by the limma R package, and the P value was adjusted by the BH method. B Bubble plots showing the change in the expression of L/R pairs between tumor and normal samples from the TCGA-BLCA cohort (upper panel) and between patients who responded and did not respond to anti-PD-L1 therapy from the IMvigor210 cohort (lower panel). C Pie chart showing the ratio of upregulated to downregulated molecules in the two groups. D The expression of selected genes in tissue sections. E ANGPTL4 was mainly expressed in epithelial cells, followed by stromal cells. F UMAP plot showing the expression bias of ANGPTL4 in samples B5 and B7. G Box plot showing the high hypoxia score in samples B5 and B7