Fig. 2

Analysis of the gut microbiota of the control, model, and ICA groups. A PLS-DA analyses of the three groups. B Percent of community abundance at the phylum level. C Bar plot of the Kruskal–Wallis test score of different species at the genus level. The Y-axis indicates the species name at the taxonomic level, X-axis indicates the average relative abundance in distinct groups of species, and the columns of varying hues represent the different groups. [The rightmost is the P value, * means P > 0.01 < P ≤ 0.05, ** means P > 0.001 < P ≤ 0.01, *** means P ≤ 0.001.] Cladogram of the phylogenetic distribution. The diameter of each circle is proportionate to the abundance of each taxon. E Histogram of the LDA scores of differentially abundant taxa between the control and model groups. F Heatmap of the functional analysis of enzymes. ICA, icariin; PLS-DA, partial least squares discrimination analysis; LEfSe, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size