Fig. 5

The enhanced mitochondrial structural recovery after tMCAO and increased oxygen consumption rates and ATP levels after OGD/R by NRP-1 overexpression. A Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of mitochondrial. B Representative TEM images in the penumbra region of different groups. C Quantification of mitochondrial morphological abnormalities. Mitochondria were classified into three types based on their morphologies: normal mitochondria (Class I), swollen and higher electron-dense mitochondria (Class II), and swollen and lower electron-dense mitochondria (Class III). A total of 40–50 mitochondria per experiment group were analyzed. n = 3. Scale bar: 500 nm. D Mean OCR of cortical neurons before and after the addition of oligomycin (1 µM), FCCP (1 µM), or rontenone (0.5 µM)/antimycin A (0.5 µM). Each data point represents an OCR measurement. E Quantitative results of basal respiration, F ATP-linked respiration, G maximal respiration, H spare respiratory capacity, I non-mitochondrial respiration. J proton leak respiration. n = 4; Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. and analyzed by one-way analysis of ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, as compared with the Cont group; ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001, as compared with the OGD/R + LV-vector group. K Quantified results of the levels of ATP in the cortical neurons of different experimental groups; n = 3. **p < 0.01, as compared with the Cont group; ^#p < 0.05, as compared with the OGD + LV-vector group. (Cont = Control)