Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
Characteristics | Oily fish intake, servings/week | Nonoily fish intake, servings/week | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never | < 1 | 1 | ≥ 2 | Never | < 1 | 1 | ≥ 2 | |
Participants, n (%) | 47,814 (11.09) | 145,157 (33.67) | 162,517 (37.70) | 75,574 (17.53) | 20,563 (4.77) | 126,431 (29.33) | 213,976 (49.64) | 70,092 (16.26) |
Mean age (SD), y | 53.61 (8.12) | 54.98 (8.03) | 56.7 (7.98) | 57.73 (7.86) | 53.63 (8.21) | 55.21 (8.05) | 56.54 (8.03) | 56.2 (8.13) |
Female, n (%) | 25,438 (53.20) | 76,522 (52.72) | 92,398 (56.85) | 42,938 (56.82) | 11,666 (56.73) | 67,826 (53.65) | 118,025 (55.16) | 39,779 (56.75) |
Ethnic background, n (%) | ||||||||
White | 43,811 (91.97) | 132,124 (91.32) | 147,613 (91.10) | 67,153 (89.26) | 18,120 (88.60) | 113,186 (89.85) | 195,971 (91.86) | 63,424 (90.82) |
Other | 3824 (8.03) | 12,558 (8.68) | 14,424 (8.90) | 8079 (10.74) | 2331 (11.40) | 12,783 (10.15) | 17,359 (8.14) | 6412 (9.18) |
Mean Townsend deprivation index (SD) | 1.98 (1.71) | 2 (1.48) | 2.3 (1.52) | 2.68 (1.76) | 2.24 (1.86) | 2.06 (1.55) | 2.24 (1.54) | 2.5 (1.72) |
Mean BMI (SD), kg/m2 | 27.69 (5.15) | 27.39 (4.79) | 27.17 (4.61) | 27.2 (4.69) | 26.91 (5.06) | 27.36 (4.80) | 27.27 (4.66) | 27.44 (4.83) |
Physical activity (min/week) | ||||||||
≥ 150 | 23,094 (67.22) | 73,158 (65.46) | 91,292 (69.19) | 46,411 (73.91) | 10,294 (67.66) | 63,700 (65.94) | 118,495 (68.90) | 41,466 (72.69) |
< 150 | 11,262 (32.78) | 38,608 (34.54) | 40,644 (30.81) | 16,385 (26.09) | 4921 (32.34) | 32,902 (34.06) | 53,497 (31.10) | 15,579 (27.31) |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||||
Current | 7079 (14.87) | 16,138 (11.15) | 14,646 (9.04) | 6912 (9.18) | 2641 (12.91) | 14,279 (11.33) | 20,791 (9.75) | 7064 (10.12) |
Other | 40,529 (85.13) | 128,624 (88.85) | 147,316 (90.96) | 68,382 (90.82) | 17,818 (87.09) | 111,768 (88.67) | 192,515 (90.25) | 62,750 (89.88) |
Alcohol intake (times/week), n (%) | ||||||||
≥ 3 | 14,883 (31.17) | 62,538 (43.11) | 76,561 (47.14) | 35,210 (46.64) | 6399 (31.17) | 53,141 (42.06) | 97,913 (45.79) | 31,739 (45.33) |
< 3 | 32,872 (68.83) | 82,525 (56.89) | 85,852 (52.86) | 40,286 (53.36) | 14,128 (68.83) | 73,200 (57.94) | 115,923 (54.21) | 38,284 (54.67) |
Processed meat intake (times/week), n (%) | ||||||||
≥ 2 | 16,155 (33.86) | 49,852 (34.39) | 48,208 (29.70) | 18,808 (24.92) | 4555 (22.22) | 38,407 (30.42) | 68,433 (32.02) | 21,628 (30.90) |
< 2 | 31,550 (66.14) | 95,123 (65.61) | 114,113 (70.30) | 56,655 (75.08) | 15,946 (77.78) | 87,849 (69.58) | 145,280 (67.98) | 48,366 (69.10) |
Poultry intake(times/week), n (%) | ||||||||
≥ 2 | 19,395 (40.68) | 69,266 (47.77) | 82,262 (50.67) | 39,333 (52.09) | 5737 (28.00) | 57,135 (45.25) | 105,385 (49.30) | 39,831 (56.88) |
< 2 | 28,284 (59.32) | 75,747 (52.23) | 80,094 (49.33) | 36,176 (47.91) | 14,753 (72.00) | 69,143 (54.75) | 108,377 (50.70) | 30,196 (43.12) |
Beef intake (times/week), n (%) | ||||||||
≥ 2 | 5663 (11.91) | 18,514 (12.79) | 17,819 (11.00) | 7082 (9.40) | 1951 (9.53) | 14,992 (11.90) | 24,342 (11.41) | 7793 (11.15) |
< 2 | 41,894 (88.09) | 126,243 (87.21) | 144,218 (89.00) | 68,252 (90.60) | 18,515 (90.47) | 111,007 (88.10) | 189,003 (88.59) | 62,082 (88.85) |
Lamb/mutton intake (times/week), n (%) | ||||||||
≥ 2 | 1190 (2.51) | 4457 (3.08) | 4521 (2.80) | 2602 (3.46) | 581 (2.84) | 3962 (3.15) | 5726 (2.69) | 2501 (3.59) |
< 2 | 46,269 (97.49) | 140,059 (96.92) | 157,220 (97.20) | 72,559 (96.54) | 19,849 (97.16) | 121,819 (96.85) | 207,184 (97.31) | 67,255 (96.41) |
Pork intake (times/week), n (%) | ||||||||
≥ 2 | 1802 (3.8) | 5594 (3.87) | 5034 (3.11) | 2639 (3.51) | 658 (3.22) | 4865 (3.87) | 6889 (3.23) | 2657 (3.81) |
< 2 | 45,673 (96.2) | 138,971 (96.13) | 156,775 (96.89) | 72,543 (96.49) | 19,795 (96.78) | 120,949 (96.13) | 206,113 (96.77) | 67,105 (96.19) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 25,865 (54.1) | 79,066 (54.47) | 93,661 (57.64) | 45,551 (60.28) | 10,461 (50.88) | 68,773 (54.4) | 123,861 (57.89) | 41,048 (58.56) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 2506 (5.26) | 6038 (4.17) | 6824 (4.21) | 3830 (5.08) | 1130 (5.53) | 5441 (4.32) | 9349 (4.38) | 3278 (4.69) |
Fish oil use, n (%) | 9842 (20.81) | 38,862 (27.02) | 55,224 (34.32) | 29,607 (39.60) | 3729 (18.39) | 35,765 (28.57) | 69,993 (33.01) | 24,048 (34.68) |
Mean fruit intake (SD), servings/d | 1.98 (1.71) | 2 (1.48) | 2.3 (1.52) | 2.68 (1.76) | 2.24 (1.86) | 2.06 (1.55) | 2.24 (1.54) | 2.5 (1.72) |
Mean vegetable intake (SD), servings/d | 2.51 (2.18) | 2.49 (1.77) | 2.79 (1.81) | 3.13 (2.16) | 2.88 (2.59) | 2.51 (1.84) | 2.74 (1.82) | 2.98 (2.10) |
Mean tea intake (SD), drinks/d | 3.12 (3.88) | 2.99 (3.77) | 3.1 (3.52) | 3.14 (3.59) | 2.94 (3.90) | 2.96 (3.82) | 3.13 (3.55) | 3.13 (3.61) |
Variation in diet, n (%) | 27,734 (58.88) | 94,267 (65.63) | 107,314 (66.79) | 48,785 (65.33) | 11,464 (56.85) | 81,985 (65.61) | 139,741 (65.99) | 44,910 (64.87) |