Fig. 1

The effect of RB on EC cells in vivo and in vitro. A, B Xenograft nude mice with EC TE-1 cells treated by locally or systemically different dosages of RB (A). Tumor size of xenograft EC TE-1 cells by local (blue) and systemic (red) administration of RB (B). C Tumor proliferation ability of TE-1 and ECA-109 cells by EC cells direct-treated with different concentrations of RB in vitro using colony formation assay. D The schematic diagram of isolation of nude mice’s CAFs and cell co-culture system. E, F Tumor proliferation ability of TE-1 and ECA-109 cells by CAFs treated with different concentrations of RB in vitro using colony formation assay. G, H Tumor invasion ability of TE-1 and ECA-109 cells by CAFs treated with different concentrations of RB in vitro using transwell assay. I, J Tumor apoptosis of TE-1 and ECA-109 cells by CAFs treated with different concentrations of RB in vitro using flow cytometry assay. Data is showed as the mean ± standard deviation for at least three independent duplications. Analysis of multiple groups comparison were performed using one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test compared with control. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. ^*,#P < 0.05, ^**,##P < 0.01,^***,###P < 0.001 compared with each control