Fig. 1

Bioinformatic screening for differential metabolites in serum exosomes. A Principal component analysis (PCA) and B orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model plot in the participant set; C Volcano plot displaying differences in metabolite levels between RIPC participants and controls; D Heatmaps of the cluster analysis data; Metascape enrichment network analysis for E top 20 enriched metabolites and F top 20 enriched pathways. The node size is proportional to enrichment pathways; the bubble color represents the P value, and the color change from red‒green-purple represents a small to large transition of the P value