Fig. 5

Mouse experiment with bacteria colonization. a Flow chart for verifying the correlation between K. quasipneumoniae/microbiome and bile acids in mice. ABX, MNVA in drinking water; Chemo, chemotherapy; MT, K. quasipneumoniae or microbiome transplantation for colonization; sampling on the first day after transplantation. b Concentration of serum primary bile acids in mice after transplantation. CA, cholic acid; isoCDCA, isochenodeoxycholic acid; UCA, ursocholic acid. MT-PBS, gavage with PBS; MT-K.q, gavage by K. quasipneumoniae; MT-BSI, gavage by microbiome from BSI patients; MT-nonBSI, gavage by microbiome from non-BSI patients. c and d Relative mRNA expression of Fxr and Asbt in MT-PBS and MT-K.q groups. e The pathological results of the ileum obtained by H&E staining after transplantation. f and g The villus height and crypt depth of the mice small intestine after transplantation. h Relative mRNA expression of Cldn1, Ocln and ZO1 in MT-PBS and MT-K.q groups. i Relationship between TEER of Caco-2 monolayers and culture time. j FITC-dextran paracellular transport in Caco-2 monolayers. ** represented significant difference between K.q group and CDCA group (P = 0.005), & represented significant difference between group K.q group and E.f group (P = 0.014), and ## represented significant difference between K.q group and PBS group (P = 0.003). Bars represent the mean ± SD. The student’s t-test was used for data with a homogeneous variance; otherwise, the Mann–Whitney test was used. Multiple groups were compared using one-way ANOVA