Fig. 7

Inhibition of ROS production induces apoptosis after iRFA via mitophagy inhibition. A WB of GAPDH, P62, LC3B, and TOMM20 expression in heated or unheated HCC cells treated with or without 5 mM NAC at 24 h after sublethal heat stress (B) Representative confocal images of cells coloaded with MitoTracker™ Red and LysoTracker™ green after ROS inhibition. Colocalization is shown in yellow and indicated by arrows. C Apoptosis was quantified using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry of heated cells treated with NAC (5 mM) or FCCP (1 μM) at 24 h after sublethal heat stress. Values are the mean ± SE. ***p < 0.001; ns no significance