Fig. 1

Dynamic changes in ROS production and antioxidant capacity after sublethal heat stress. HepG2 and HuH7 cells were incubated at 46 °C for 15 min or not. A The changes in ROS fluorescence B total antioxidant capacity, C reduced GSH level, and total D SOD activity were measured at the indicated time points (37 °C, 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h) after sublethal heat stress. E Cell viability measured at 37 °C,6, 12, and 24 h after sublethal heat stress. Values are the mean ± SE. *p < 0.05 vs. 37 °C; **p < 0.01 vs. 37 °C; ***p < 0.001 vs. 37 °C; ##p < 0.01 vs. 6 h; ###p < 0.001 vs. 6 h;ns no significance