Fig. 1

Identification of 7 cell clusters with diverse annotations revealing high cellular heterogeneity in BLCA tumors based on single-cell RNA-seq data. A After quality control of scRNA-seq, 13,490 core cells were identified. B The variance diagram shows the variation of gene expression in all cells of BLCA. The red dots represent highly variable genes and the black dots represent non-variable genes. C PCA showed a clear separation of cells in BLCA. D PCA identified the top 20 PCs at P < 0.05. E The umap algorithm was applied to the top 20 PCs for dimensionality reduction, and 19 cell clusters were successfully classified. F Classification of cell clusters in each sample. G All 7 cell clusters in BLCA were annotated with singleR and CellMarker according to the composition of marker genes. H Expression levels of marker genes for each cell cluster