Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in NHANES III (1988–1994) according to weight change patterns from 10 years before the survey to baseline
From: Weigh change across adulthood is related to the presence of NAFLD: results from NHANES III
Stable nonobese | Obese to nonobese | P* value | Stable obese | Nonobese to obese | P# value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 3681 | N = 260 | N = 803 | N = 937 | |||
NAFLD | 728 (19.8) | 71 (27.3) | 0.005 | 386 (48.1) | 395 (42.2) | 0.015 |
Age-adjusted NAFLD prevalence, % | 19.84 (18.43–21.34) | 28.20 (21.63–36.48) | 47.73 (43.07–52.79) | 42.37 (38.12–47.03) | ||
Age, years | 56.14 (10.70) | 60.13 (9.69) | < 0.001 | 56.80 (10.10) | 53.77 (10.09) | < 0.001 |
Female | 1873 (50.9) | 116 (44.6) | 0.059 | 483 (60.1) | 581 (62.0) | 0.458 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
Non-hispanic white | 794 (21.6) | 88 (33.8) | < 0.001 | 215 (26.8) | 262 (28.0) | 0.922 |
Non-Hispanic black | 767 (20.8) | 73 (28.1) | 228 (28.4) | 258 (27.5) | ||
Mexican–American | 1983 (53.9) | 97 (37.3) | 339 (42.2) | 390 (41.6) | ||
Other | 137 (3.7) | 2 (0.8) | 21 (2.6) | 27 (2.9) | ||
FIPR group | ||||||
< 1.3 | 717 (19.5) | 90 (34.6) | < 0.001 | 213 (26.5) | 255 (27.2) | 0.013 |
1.3 to 3.5 | 1474 (40.0) | 59 (22.7) | 227 (28.3) | 318 (33.9) | ||
≥ 3.5 | 1490 (40.5) | 111 (42.7) | 363 (45.2) | 364 (38.8) | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Living with partner | 2722 (74.0) | 182 (70.5) | 0.244 | 542 (67.8) | 645 (69.1) | 0.621 |
Single | 954 (26.0) | 76 (29.5) | 257 (32.2) | 289 (30.9) | ||
Health status | ||||||
Excellent or good | 2842 (77.2) | 141 (54.2) | < 0.001 | 494 (61.5) | 664 (70.9) | < 0.001 |
Fair | 692 (18.8) | 81 (31.2) | 231 (28.8) | 227 (24.2) | ||
Poor | 147 (4.0) | 38 (14.6) | 78 (9.7) | 46 (4.9) | ||
Waist circumference, cm | 90.54 (9.67) | 98.01 (8.18) | < 0.001 | 114.60 (11.73) | 107.79 (9.04) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||
BMI25 | 22.03 (2.86) | 25.30 (4.49) | < 0.001 | 27.28 (5.19) | 23.45 (3.14) | < 0.001 |
BMI10prior | 23.89 (2.88) | 33.05 (3.93) | < 0.001 | 35.13 (4.84) | 26.59 (2.40) | < 0.001 |
BMIbaseline | 24.97 (2.98) | 27.57 (2.12) | < 0.001 | 36.47 (5.54) | 33.19 (3.11) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 343 (9.3) | 96 (36.9) | < 0.001 | 272 (33.9) | 148 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 1557 (42.3) | 176 (67.7) | < 0.001 | 527 (65.6) | 535 (57.1) | < 0.001 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 1512 (41.7) | 125 (48.8) | 0.03 | 335 (42.4) | 412 (44.9) | 0.318 |
Current smoker | 942 (25.6) | 77 (29.6) | 0.174 | 129 (16.1) | 169 (18.0) | 0.306 |
TC, mg/dL | 218.14 (42.08) | 220.62 (45.36) | 0.368 | 219.47 (42.09) | 223.19 (45.59) | 0.086 |
TG, mg/dL | 152.77 (118.83) | 176.04 (113.99) | 0.003 | 190.67 (146.32) | 192.25 (141.29) | 0.824 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 136.78 (37.77) | 138.82 (40.32) | 0.572 | 138.72 (37.19) | 139.04 (39.79) | 0.912 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 52.04 (16.30) | 48.67 (16.78) | 0.002 | 45.70 (12.76) | 47.53 (14.24) | 0.007 |
LP(a), mg/dL | 25.84 (28.25) | 29.58 (30.90) | 0.151 | 27.29 (31.31) | 25.52 (28.91) | 0.366 |
CRP, mg/dL | 0.21 [0.21, 0.40] | 0.21 [0.21, 0.55] | 0.002 | 0.44 [0.21, 0.90] | 0.30 [0.21, 0.70] | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.86 [1.32, 2.84] | 2.84 [1.83, 4.59] | < 0.001 | 4.02 [2.66, 7.29] | 3.41 [2.34, 5.17] | < 0.001 |
Fast glucose, mg/dL | 100.85 (35.48) | 128.22 (73.87) | < 0.001 | 122.40 (59.46) | 107.26 (41.79) | < 0.001 |
UA, mg/dL | 5.25 (1.43) | 5.58 (1.67) | 0.001 | 5.83 (1.55) | 5.79 (1.51) | 0.565 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.10 (0.33) | 1.28 (1.14) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (0.47) | 1.08 (0.23) | 0.331 |
AST, U/L | 21.35 (10.87) | 20.16 (8.07) | 0.091 | 21.06 (9.69) | 23.21 (15.24) | 0.001 |
ALT, U/L | 16.16 (12.17) | 15.28 (8.90) | 0.263 | 17.53 (10.36) | 20.72 (15.71) | < 0.001 |
GGT, U/L | 30.65 (36.11) | 34.61 (34.64) | 0.145 | 36.50 (37.42) | 42.26 (66.60) | 0.058 |