Fig. 3

Association of High Genome-wide Polygenic Score (GPS, LDPred with \(\rho =0.03\)) with osteoporosis category and fracture status in the testing dataset (\(n=\mathrm{15,776})\). A The top 10% of the GPS distribution was considered high GPS “Carriers,” shaded in red, compared to the remaining 90%. B The relationship of high GPS to the osteoporosis category and fracture status was measured using a multiple logistic regression. OR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval, MOF, major osteoporotic fractures. 1) Osteopenia: T-score between − 1 and − 2.5. 2) Osteoporosis: T-score \(\le -2.5\). 3) Severe Osteoporosis: Reserved for patients with a fragility fracture(s) and a T-score \(\le -2.5\)