Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of GDM cases and the sub-cohort in this study
Variables | GDM cases (N = 193) | Sub-cohort (N = 912) |
|---|---|---|
Age at baseline, years | 29.0 (26.0–30.0) | 28.0 (25.0–30.0) |
Baseline weight, kg | 58.8 (53.0–66.3) | 56.0 (51.0–62.0) |
Weight before pregnancy, kg | 56.0 (51.0–63.0) | 54.0 (49.0–60.0) |
Height, cm | 160.0 (158.0–165.0) | 160.0 (158.0–164.0) |
Ethnic groups | ||
 Han | 192 (100.0%) | 897 (99.0%) |
 Minority | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (1.0%) |
Education | ||
 Primary | 4 (2.1%) | 16 (1.8%) |
 Junior Secondary | 38 (19.8%) | 195 (21.5%) |
 Senior Secondary | 40 (20.8%) | 178 (19.6%) |
 College/university | 110 (57.3%) | 518 (57.1%) |
Marriage | ||
 Married | 190 (98.4%) | 889 (97.5%) |
 Unmarried or divorced | 3 (1.6%) | 23 (2.5%) |
Family annual income, RMB | ||
 Less than 100,000 | 65 (43.0%) | 270 (37.3%) |
 100,000–200,000 | 69 (45.7%) | 365 (50.5%) |
 200,000–300,000 | 11 (7.3%) | 69 (9.5%) |
 More than 300,000 | 8 (4.0%) | 19 (2.6%) |
Active smoking | ||
 Ceased after pregnancy | 10 (5.2%) | 26 (2.9%) |
 Current smoking | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) |
 Never | 182 (94.8%) | 880 (96.9%) |
Alcohol drinking | ||
 Ceased after pregnancy | 37 (19.5%) | 151 (16.7%) |
 Current drinking | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.1%) |
 Never | 152 (80.0%) | 753 (83.2%) |
Passive smoking every week | ||
 0 day | 123 (80.4%) | 565 (77.3%) |
 1–3 days | 14 (9.2%) | 92 (12.6%) |
 4–5 days | 6 (3.9%) | 18 (2.5%) |
 6–7 days | 10 (6.5%) | 56 (7.7%) |