Presence of depression and anxiety with distinct patterns of pharmacological treatments before the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome: a population-based study in Taiwan

Table 5 Conditional logical regression measured odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of chronic fatigue syndrome with different treatments stratified by sex

Variable	Control		CFS		Odds ratio				multiple comparisons
	Female				Crude (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted (95% CI)	p-value	p-value
	No	Yes	No	Yes
SSRI					1.95 (1.67,2.29)***	< 0.001	1.22 (1.01,1.48)*	0.035	0.003
No	2785	3073	2651	2856
Yes	182	266	316	483
SNRI					1.70 (1.25,2.31)***	< 0.001	1.00 (0.72,1.40)	0.982	0.076
No	2940	3271	2884	3225
Yes	27	68	83	114
SARI					2.57 (2.12,3.12)***	< 0.001	1.69 (1.37,2.08)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	2871	3181	2671	2961
Yes	96	158	296	378
TCAs					2.46 (1.7,3.55)***	< 0.001	1.72 (1.17,2.53)**	0.006	0.000
No	2929	3298	2907	3240
Yes	38	41	60	99
BZD					2.28 (2.03,2.56)***	< 0.001	1.66 (1.45,1.9)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	1288	1040	799	553
Yes	1679	2299	2168	2786
NDRI					1.80 (1.02,3.16)*	0.041	0.83 (0.45,1.53)	0.553	0.043
No	2954	3320	2942	3305
Yes	13	19	25	34
Muscle relaxant					1.98 (1.49,2.62)***	< 0.001	1.56 (1.16,2.10)**	0.004	0.000
No	2919	3264	2852	3194
Yes	48	75	115	145
Analgesic drug					4.12 (3.49,4.86)***	< 0.001	3.23 (2.72,3.84)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	860	700	233	202
Yes	2107	2639	2734	3137
Supportive individual psychotherapy					1.36 (1.09,1.70)**	0.006	1.36 (1.08,1.72)**	0.009	0.001
No	2797	3196	2816	3147
Yes	170	143	151	192
Re-educative individual psychotherapy					1.38 (1.10,1.74)**	0.006	1.38 (1.09,1.76)**	0.008	0.001
No	2815	3207	2823	3159
Yes	152	132	144	180
Stretching exercise					1.26 (1.04,1.54)*	0.02	1.26 (1.02,1.54)*	0.029	0.002
No	2763	3146	2780	3099
Yes	204	193	187	240
Therapeutic exercise					1.13 (0.97,1.32)	0.126	1.12 (0.95,1.32)	0.195	0.015
No	2649	3014	2634	2976
Yes	318	325	333	363
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness					0.90 (0.62,1.30)	0.568	0.94 (0.64,1.39)	0.768	0.059
No	2903	3280	2916	3286
Yes	64	59	51	53

	Male
	No	Yes	No	Yes
SSRI					1.82 (1.51,2.21)***	< 0.001	1.18 (0.94,1.48)	0.165	0.013
No	3073	2785	2856	2651
Yes	266	182	483	316
SNRI					3.13 (2.02,4.85)***	< 0.001	1.92 (1.19,3.08)**	0.007	0.001
No	3271	2940	3225	2884
Yes	68	27	114	83
SARI					3.31 (2.62,4.20)***	< 0.001	2.20 (1.70,2.84)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	3181	2871	2961	2671
Yes	158	96	378	296
TCAs					1.59 (1.06,2.40)*	0.026	1.16 (0.75,1.80)	0.502	0.039
No	3298	2929	3240	2907
Yes	41	38	99	60
BZD					2.08 (1.87,2.32)***	< 0.001	1.55 (1.36,1.76)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	1040	1288	553	799
Yes	2299	1679	2786	2168
NDRI					1.93 (0.99,3.78)	0.055	0.84 (0.40,1.77)	0.640	0.049
No	3320	2954	3305	2942
Yes	19	13	34	25
Muscle relaxant					2.45 (1.74,3.45)***	< 0.001	2.07 (1.45,2.97)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	3264	2919	3194	2852
Yes	75	48	145	115
Analgesic drug					4.79 (4.10,5.59)***	< 0.001	3.90 (3.31,4.59)***	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	700	860	202	233
Yes	2639	2107	3137	2734
Supportive individual psychotherapy					0.88 (0.70,1.11)	0.276	0.86 (0.68,1.09)	0.225	0.017
No	3196	2797	3147	2816
Yes	143	170	192	151
Re-educative individual psychotherapy					0.94 (0.75,1.19)	0.633	0.92 (0.72,1.18)	0.527	0.041
No	3207	2815	3159	2823
Yes	132	152	180	144
Stretching exercise					0.91 (0.74,1.12)	0.374	0.89 (0.72,1.11)	0.306	0.024
No	3146	2763	3099	2780
Yes	193	204	240	187
Therapeutic exercise					1.05 (0.89,1.24)	0.533	1.05 (0.88,1.24)	0.592	0.046
No	3014	2649	2976	2634
Yes	325	318	363	333
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness					0.79 (0.55,1.15)	0.222	0.77 (0.52,1.15)	0.201	0.015
No	3280	2903	3286	2916
Yes	59	64	53	51

CFS chronic fatigue syndrome, CI confidence interval, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, SARI serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor, TCA tricyclic antidepressants, BZD benzodiazepine
^*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ISSN: 1479-5876