Fig. 4

An orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model of plasma exosome metabolites. A Overview of OPLS-DA, including three independent groups TFC, PCa, and CRPC. B Venn diagram display of overlapping differentially expressed metabolites. C OPLS-DA for CRPC/PCa. D OPLS-DA for PCa/TFC. E–G The pie chart represents the proportion of each separate class of metabolites, CRPC/TFC, CRPC/PCa, and PCa/TFC