Fig. 3

LIPUS induces a bolstering of hippocampal Fndc5/irisin in VaD mice. A Schematic diagram of LIPUS. The acoustic wave was delivered to the targeted region involving the bilateral hippocampus. B Experimental outline. Transcranial LIPUS was applied 24 h after BCAS and subsequently daily with a stimulation time of 5 min at an ultrasound pressure of 0.51 MPa for a period of 28 days. C Fndc5 mRNA expression in hippocampus of ageing mice. D Irisin concentration in hippocampus of ageing mice. E Fndc5 mRNA expression in hippocampus of adult mice. F Irisin concentration in hippocampus of adult mice. G Representative Western blots of Fndc5/irisin in hippocampus of adult mice. H Hippocampal Fndc5/irisin levels normalized by β-actin in hippocampus of adult mice. I Fndc5 expression in cerebellum of ageing mice. J Fndc5 expression in cerebellum of adult mice. K Fndc5 expression in forebrain of ageing mice. L Irisin concentration in forebrain of ageing mice. M Fndc5 expression in forebrain of adult mice. Sham, sham-operated mice; BCAS, mice were subjected to BCAS injury; LIPUS, adult BCAS mice treated with transcranial low intensity pulsed ultrasound. (n = 8 per group. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns means no statistical significance)