Fig. 3

When HF-DBS was turned off for 7 days (Day 36), HF-DBS still reversed the decreased social interaction. A Time spent by test rats in Chamber S1 on day 36. B Time spent by test rats in Chamber S2 on day 36. C Sniffing time between test rats and S1 on day 36. D Sniffing time between test rats and S2 on day 36. E Sociability index on day 36. F Social novelty preference index on day 36. Data are shown as mean with SD. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's test, ^*p < 0.05 vs. saline; ^**p < 0.01 vs. saline; ^***p < 0.001 vs. saline; ^#p < 0.05 vs. VPA. HF-DBS alleviated the excessive repetitive behavior in the VPA-exposed offspring. G Total distance travelled by test rats. H Number of self-grooming behavior. I Duration of self-grooming behavior. Two-way repeated ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test, ^*p < 0.05 vs. saline; ^**p < 0.01 vs. saline; ^***p < 0.001 vs. saline; ^#p < 0.05 vs. VPA; ^##p < 0.01 vs. VPA; ^###p < 0.001 vs. VPA