Fig. 1

Preparation and Characterization of DWCTVs. a Schematic illustration of the generation of desialylated whole-cell tumor vaccines (DWCTVs) using NAs. Terminal sialic acids of sialoglycans on OC cells were selectively cleaved by α2-3NA and α2-6NA, and the underlying Gal/GalNAc were exposed. b α-2,3-linked sialic acids on DWCTVs were reduced via 100 mU mL⁻¹ α2-3NA modification. The geoMFI of MAL II bound to α-2,3-linked sialic acids were shown. c α-2,6-linked sialic acids on DWCTVs were reduced via 100 mU mL⁻¹ α2-6NA modification. The geoMFI of SNA bound to α-2,6-linked sialic acids were shown. d Gal/GalNAc epitopes on DWCTVs were increased via both α2-3NA and α2-6NA modifications. The geoMFI of PNA bound to Gal/GalNAc residues was shown. e Chemical strructure of Gal and GalNAc. R groups reprent monosaccharides, such as Gal, GalNac, Glc and GlcNAc. The 1-hydroxyl (purple) of GalNAc could attach to Ser/Thr. Sialic acids usually link to the 3- or 6-hydroxyl (red) groups of Gal/GalNAc. The 1-, 3- and 4-hydroxyl (blue) groups of them usually contribute to the glycan elongation. 3- and 4-hydroxyl groups of them are essential for Ca2 + binding. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The statistical test of b–d used is the unpaired t-test. ****P < 0.0001