Table 1 Researches of mitochondrial transplantation in obesity, diabetes and hepatic diseases

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell

Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (streptozotocin- induced diabetic)

Suppressing ROS production and inhibited apoptosis of PTECs

Gap junctions

[119]

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell

HFD-induced

T2DM-associated NAFLD

Combat NAFLD via rescuing dysfunction mitochondria

Cell fusion

[120]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)

Macrophages

Alleviates kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy mice

Tunneling nanotube (TNT)

[121]

Adipose MSCs

Human islet β-cells

Improves islet insulin secretory function

TNT

[122]

Platelets

Hippocampal neurons

(db/db mice with Diabetes-associated cognitive impairment)

Attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis

Mitochondrial transplantation

[123]

Adipocytes

White adipose tissue (WAT) macrophages of HFD-induced obese mice

Reduces energy expenditure and exacerbates diet-induced obesity

Undefined

[124]

Adipocytes

Cardiomyocytes with acute oxidative stress injured

Limits cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)

[125]

Macrophages

Brown adipose tissue

Ensure efficient thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue

Extracellular vesicles (EVs)

[126]

Cardiomyocytes

Cardiomyocytes (pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM)-exposed, HFD-diet-exposed)

Reduce cardiomyocytes apoptosis and boost respiratory

Mitochondrial transplantation

[127]

Tissue samples

(Zucker lean rats)

Hearts from zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF fa/fa) rats

Enhances myocardial postischaemic function and decreases myocellular injury

Mitochondrial transplantation

[128]

Human hepatoma cells

(HepG2 cells)

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse fatty liver

Rescue of hepatocyte mitochondrial function

Endocytosis (naked mitochondria)

[115]