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Table 4 The TMAO, TMA and other metabolites concentrations in the tissue

From: Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite and air pollutant, increases blood pressure and markers of kidney damage including proteinuria and KIM-1 in rats

Parameter [µM/kg]

Control group

L group

H group

Kruskal–Wallis test

Lungs

TMAO

9.27 (5.19; 11.07)

52.04 (48.16; 57.69)*

218.25 (191.74; 282.54)***

P < 0.001

TMA

6.52 (5.14; 8.93)

6.71 (5.85; 8.63)

9.76 (7.26; 11.28)

P = 0.18

Choline

1 870.59 (1 784.86; 2 062.80)

2 038.94 (1 985.86; 2 159.95)

1 969.03 (1 877.74; 2 120.19)

P = 0.42

Carnitine

307.11 (277.93; 309.62)

279.62 (272.50; 342.72)

309.68 (293.66; 334.90)

P = 0.23

Liver

TMAO

5.40 (4.24; 9.57)

19.82 (13.79; 23.19)

35.85 (29.32; 41.87)***

P = 0.001

TMA

42.80 (38.09; 47.25)

63.12 (53.61; 73.26)*

80.39 (62.98; 92.61)***

P < 0.001

Choline

1 112.92 (921.26; 1 462.16)

1 124.02 (814.50; 1 241.82)

1 265.63 (1 014.44; 2 007.82)

P = 0.11

Carnitine

470.73 (452.88; 481.55)

514.03 (477.57; 589.24)

568.35 (498.70; 589.18)

P = 0.34

Renal cortex

TMAO

14.48 (13.13; 21.87)

27.76 (26.04; 36.82)

189.74 (82.22; 204.48)***

P < 0.001

TMA

158.48 (149.59; 163.61)

240.14 (229.81; 262.72)*

487.66 (389.55; 593.86)***

P < 0.001

Choline

1 441.73 (1 159.19; 1 538.25)

1 512.66 (1 462.91; 1 687.80)

1 346.40 (1 025.19; 1 521.07)

P = 0.56

Carnitine

314.85 (291.49; 362.62)

344.41 (226.85; 364.37)

358.71 (306.06; 434.33)

P = 0.78

Renal medulla

TMAO

18.53 (14.43; 27.82)

42.74 (34.16; 43.01)

192.02 (73.95; 213.70)***, #

P < 0.001

TMA

193.08 (186.32; 218.50)

286.22 (267.48; 294.91)

449.83 (348.32; 524.00)***

P < 0.001

Choline

2 408.67 (1 737.76; 2 570.56)

1 198.82 (399.11; 1 493.18)

1 751.37 (1 308.89; 2 353.36)

P = 0.06

Carnitine

341.55 (314.27; 355.18)

297.82 (288.73; 310.64)

306.90 (299.75; 355.56)

P = 0.10

Heart

TMAO

3.22 (2.45; 5.77)

35.59 (34.37; 48.97)*

96.30 (90.30; 112.43)***

P < 0.001

TMA

0.70 (0.58; 0.85)

4.02 (3.67; 4.36)*

11.32 (10.42; 13.17)***, #

P < 0.001

Choline

129.98 (124.15; 156.68)

145.91 (134.83; 150.98)

140.36 (135.37; 152.92)

P = 0.45

Carnitine

759.22 (727.41; 796.04)

795.12 (698.43; 838.37)

883.12 (814.61; 916.01)

P = 0.06

  1. TMA, trimethylamine; TMAO, trimethylamine oxide; L group – TMA low-dose group; H group – TMA high-dose group. All data are expressed as the median (Q1; Q3); Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post-hoc Dunn’s test. *P < 0.05 vs control group; ***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05 vs low dose group
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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