Fig. 1
Schematic representation of the possible mechanism of action of A. muciniphila on the control of BP. The potential possible mechanisms of A. muciniphila to control the BP are (1) the degradation of mucin to secrete the SCFAs, especially acetate and propionate that reduces plasma leptin secretion and sympathetic activity through the secretion of GLP-1/GLP-2 in enteroendocrine L-cells via G-protein-coupled receptors; (2) maintenance of gut barrier integrity through the regulation of the tight junctions proteins (occludins, claudins, zona occludens), and activation of TLR2 pathway through the reduction of LPS synthesis and inflammatory markers; (3) utilization of H2S to produce cysteine which improves the BP; (4) direct action (possibly) on the renin-angiotensin-II pathway, and (5) reduction of oxidative stress induced by TMAO through the dietary L-carnitine metabolite