Table 1 Baseline characteristicsa of US cancer survivors according to healthy lifestyle score
From: Combined lifestyle, mental health, and mortality in US cancer survivors: a national cohort study
Characteristics | Total | Healthy lifestyle score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–1 | 2 | 3–5 | P-value | ||
PHQ-9 scoreb, No. (%) | |||||
 0–4 | 2332 (76.1) | 857 (71.8) | 814 (74.3) | 661 (83.6) |  < 0.001 |
 5–9 | 495 (15.5) | 190 (16.6) | 201 (17.2) | 104 (11.9) | |
  ≥ 10 | 318 (8.5) | 159 (11.6) | 117 (8.5) | 42 (4.5) | |
HEI-2015c | 55.1 (0.3) | 48.0 (0.4) | 55.1 (0.5) | 64.1 (0.5) |  < 0.001 |
LTPAc, MET.hours/week | 5.7 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.2) | 3.3 (0.8) | 15.2 (1.7) |  < 0.001 |
Daily activityc, MET.hours/week | 31.5 (1.7) | 32.3 (2.9) | 33.8 (3.1) | 27.6 (2.5) | 0.261 |
Alcohol drinking status, No. (%) | |||||
 Non-drinker | 822 (21.2) | 462 (32.6) | 270 (19.4) | 90 (9.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Low-to moderate drinker | 2061 (68.7) | 576 (49.9) | 799 (73.3) | 686 (86.5) | |
 Heavy drinker | 262 (10.1) | 168 (17.5) | 63 (7.3) | 31 (4.3) | |
Smoking status, No. (%) | |||||
 Non-smoker | 1419 (46.3) | 236 (19.0) | 580 (51.6) | 603 (74.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Current smoker | 486 (15.5) | 299 (25.6) | 148 (13.0) | 39 (5.7) | |
 Former smoker | 1240 (38.2) | 671 (55.4) | 404 (35.3) | 165 (20.1) | |
Quiting smoking ≥ 10 years, No. (%) | 980 (30.2) | 531 (10.0) | 318 (6.0) | 131 (3.2) |  < 0.001 |
Sleep duration, hours/day | |||||
 6–8 h/day, No. (%) | 2170 (71.3) | 785 (67.7) | 785 (71.5) | 600 (75.4) |  < 0.001 |
 5–5.9 or 8.1–10 h/day, No. (%) | 423 (14.8) | 160 (14.5) | 147 (13.8) | 116 (16.5) | |
  < 5 or > 10 h/day, No. (%) | 538 (13.9) | 255 (17.8) | 194 (14.7) | 89 (8.1) | |
Body mass index c, kg/m2 | 29.1 (0.1) | 31.4 (0.2) | 29.4 (0.2) | 25.8 (0.2) |  < 0.001 |
  < 18.5 kg/m2, No. (%) | 47 (1.7) | 29 (2.4) | 13 (0.9) | 5 (1.0) |  < 0.001 |
 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, No. (%) | 790 (26.2) | 63 (4.8) | 283 (24.1) | 444 (55.6) |  |
 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, No. (%) | 1109 (34.3) | 507 (41.5) | 406 (34.5) | 196 (24.8) |  |
  ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, No. (%) | 1199 (38.1) | 607 (51.2) | 430 (40.4) | 162 (18.6) |  |
Age at interview c, years | 62.7 (0.4) | 63.1 (0.5) | 63.1 (0.5) | 61.9 (0.7) | 0.245 |
Gender, No. (%) | |||||
 Male | 1492 (43.1) | 566 (44.6) | 548 (44.1) | 378 (39.9) | 0.279 |
 Female | 1653 (56.9) | 640 (55.4) | 584 (55.9) | 429 (60.1) | |
Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||||
 Non-Hispanic white | 2145 (86.5) | 812 (84.9) | 761 (86.7) | 572 (88.3) | 0.013 |
 Non-Hispanic black | 451 (4.3) | 198 (6.4) | 162 (4.9) | 91 (3.7) | |
 Mexican American | 203 (2.4) | 84 (2.8) | 83 (2.8) | 36 (1.5) | |
 Others | 346 (5.9) | 112 (5.8) | 126 (5.6) | 108 (6.6) | |
Education level, No. (%) | |||||
 Less than high school | 638 (11.9) | 328 (17.7) | 225 (10.9) | 85 (6.1) |  < 0.001 |
 High school or equivalent | 712 (21.4) | 294 (24.5) | 282 (25.2) | 136 (12.7) | |
 College or above | 1794 (66.7) | 584 (57.8) | 624 (63.9) | 586 (81.2) | |
Family income-to-poverty ratio, No. (%) | |||||
  < 1.3 | 656 (13.7) | 317 (19.5) | 236 (13.3) | 103 (7.0) |  < 0.001 |
 1.3–3.5 | 1232 (37.3) | 503 (42.1) | 466 (39.1) | 263 (29.0) | |
  > 3.5 | 1013 (49.0) | 295 (38.3) | 346 (47.6) | 372 (64.0) | |
Prevalent diabetes, No. (%) | 871 (22.6) | 399 (29.0) | 321 (24.5) | 151 (12.4) |  < 0.001 |
Prevalent hypertension, No. (%) | 2033 (58.6) | 831 (64.0) | 741 (61.4) | 461 (48.3) |  < 0.001 |
Prevalent dyslipidemia, No. (%) | 2437 (78.9) | 974 (81.9) | 868 (78.8) | 595 (75.2) |  < 0.001 |
History of CVD, No. (%) | 738 (18.7) | 334 (22.8) | 285 (20.2) | 119 (11.6) |  < 0.001 |
Number of cancer types, No. (%) | |||||
 1 | 2820 (89.5) | 1087 (90.0) | 1003 (88.5) | 730 (90.0) | 0.342 |
 2 | 284 (9.3) | 104 (8.8) | 109 (9.6) | 71 (9.4) | |
  ≥ 3 | 39 (1.3) | 15 (1.3) | 19 (1.8) | 5 (0.6) | |
Age at cancer first diagnosed, years | |||||
  < 40 years, No. (%) | 613 (24.0) | 251 (24.5) | 211 (23.7) | 151 (23.8) | 0.252 |
 40–60 years, No. (%) | 1249 (43.8) | 454 (40.6) | 470 (46.7) | 325 (44.3) | |
  > 60 years, No. (%) | 1283 (32.2) | 501 (34.9) | 451 (29.7) | 331 (31.9) | |