Fig. 1

Kaplan–Meier and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves according to the radiomic signature. Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall survival in low and high risk groups in training cohort (A), internal validation cohort (B), and external validation cohort (C). P values were calculated using two-sided log-rank test. Area under the curves at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were calculated to assess the prognostic accuracy within the training cohort (D), internal validation cohort (E), and external validation cohort (F)