Fig. 1
From: Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of central nervous system diseases
The secretion process of exosomes. Extracellular components can enter cells through endocytosis and plasma membrane depression. The vesicles formed during this process can be fused with the early sorting endosomes (ESEs) which then are transformed into the late sorting endosomes (LSEs). The second invagination in LSEs leads to the production of intraluminal vesicles (ILV). LSEs are further transformed into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which can be degraded by fusion with lysosomes or autophagosomes, or they can be fused with plasma membrane to release ILVs as exosomes. ECM, extracellular matrix.ST