Fig. 8
From: Metformin counteracts stimulatory effects induced by insulin in primary breast cancer cells
Cartoon depicting metformin action in BCAHC-1 cells. Metformin inhibits the insulin-induced IR, MEK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT activation, c-fos and Cyclin D1 expression as well as proliferative responses in BCAHC-1 cells. Moreover, metformin reduces the insulin-driven feedforward loop linking CXCR4 induction in BCAHC-1 cells to CXCL12 secretion by CAFs, therefore preventing BCAHC-1 cell motility