Table 3 The uPAR-targeted PDT/PTT platforms
From: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a therapeutic target in cancer
uPAR-targeted PDT/PTT platform | Target | Photosensitizer and drug | Imaging | Effect | References, year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AuS-U11 for confocal laser endomicroscopy-guided PTT/ PDT | U11 peptide (uPAR) | PTT-carrier gold nanocluster, CRQAGFSL-5-ALA, CRQAGFSL-Cy5.5 | Fluorescence images (enzyme-triggered release of NIR fluorescent dye Cy5.5) | Better synergistic therapeutic effects as well as the reduced side effects in normal pancreas tissue (human pancreatic tumour cell line PANC1-CSTE and its orthotopic tumour model) | [172], 2017 |
hATF-HSA:CPZ | hATF (uPAR) | CPZ | FMT imaging (CPZ, 0.08 μmol/kg or 0.05 mg/kg) | A significant reduced tumour growth rate (H22 tumour-bearing Kunming mice model) | [175], 2014 |
mATF-HSA:CPZ | mATF (uPAR) | CPZ | FMT imaging (CPZ, 0.05Â mg/kg) | A higher tumour killing efficacy than hATF-HSA:CPZ (H22 tumour-bearing mouse model) | [176], 2015 |
ATF-HSA: CPZ@RRNP | ATF (uPAR) | CPZ-loaded receptor-responsive nanoparticles | FMT imaging (CPZ, 0.05Â mg/kg) | Higher uptake and cytotoxicity (H1299 lung cancer cells), higher tumour accumulation and better antitumour effect (H22 tumour-bearing mice), lower CPZ concentration (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and heart) | [177], 2019 |
ATF-ZnPc | ATF (uPAR) | ZnPc | FMT imaging (ATF-ZnPc, 0.4 μmol/kg) | Potent PDT activities and enhanced antitumour activity (U937 and H1299 cells and H22 tumour-bearing mice) | [178], 2014 |
GNS@Ir@P-AE105 | AE105 (uPAR) | GNS, Ir complex | PT/PA/X-ray CT trimodal imaging | Combinational photothermal-chemotherapeutic efficiency against TNBC via a ROS-induced p53 apoptotic pathway | [179], 2020 |
Cisplatin-AuNRs@SiO2-Avastin@PEI/AE105 | AE105 (uPAR) | Gold nanorod mesoporous silica heterostructure, cisplatin, Avastin | Photothermal imaging (3Â mg/kg) | Photodynamic activity via induction of ROS overproduction-mediated cell apoptosis, suppresses HeLa tumour growth and angiogenesis | [180], 2019 |
Cu2−xS-RB@DMSN-AE105 | AE105 (uPAR) | Cu2−xS NPs, Rose Bengal | Infrared thermal imaging | Synergetic PTT/SDT nanotherapeutics against the OSCC both in vitro and in vivo, a prominent tumour inhibition rate of 103.4% | [181], 2020 |
uIGNs | Anti-uPAR antibody | ICG modifed gold nanoshells | CT and optical imaging (bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence imaging) | 25% higher median survival rate of IPTT and complete tumour ablation by one-time intervention, inhibit pancreatic tumour metastasis | [182], 2017 |