Table 1 Isolation methods for exosomes
From: Exosomes as bio-inspired nanocarriers for RNA delivery: preparation and applications
Isolation procedures | Mechanisms | Drawbacks | Profits | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Size-exclusion chromatography | Size | Lack of specificity | High recovery | [58] |
Ultracentrifugation | Size and sedimentation properties or density | Low recovery, large sample volume, long duration | Gold standard, high purities | [30] |
Microfluidics | Size and density | Complexity of device, low throughput | Easy to automate, convenient, low cost, and fast | [59] |
Immunoaffinity | Affinity purifications | Restricted use, low yield, high cost | High purity and specificity | [60] |
Ultrafiltration | Molecular weight and size | Difficult scaling | High recovery, fast/simple operation | [61] |
Polymer coprecipitation | Surface charges | Complex scaling, lack of specificity | User-friendly and easy processing | [62] |
Field-flow fractionation | Molecular weight and size | Needs fractionation equipment, long duration | Wide variety of eluents, broad separation range | [54] |