Fig. 5

Effect of the combination treatment on healthy PBMCs in vitro. a Proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells. Human PBMCs from healthy donors were stimulated with anti-CD3 in the presence of L. acidophilus and/or FK506 for 3 days and analyzed by flow cytometry. b IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 concentrations in culture supernatants as determined by ELISA. c After stimulation of healthy PBMCs with anti-CD3 for 3 days, proportion of Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry and d Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR (*each sample versus vehicle; ^#combination versus L. acidophilus; ^Xcombination versus FK506, *^,#,Xp < 0.05, **^,##,XXp < 0.01, ***^,###,XXXp < 0.005)