Table 1 Exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma
From: Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma: current status and future perspectives
Biomarker | Molecule type | Expression (compared to control group) | Location | Sample | Case group | Control group | Diagnosis/Prognosis | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-604, miR-551b | miRNA | Up-regulated | Serum | 12 CCA patients, 6 PSC patients, 8 UC patients, 9 Healthy controls | CCA patients (n = 12) | PSC patients (n = 6), UC patients (n = 8), Healthy individuals (n = 9) | Diagnosis | [53] |
miR-141-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p | miRNA | Up-regulated | Serum | 36 CCA patients, 12 Healthy controls | CCA patients (n = 36) | Healthy controls (n = 12) | Diagnosis and prognosis | [54] |
miR-199 family, miR-214-3p | miRNA | Down-regulated | CCA cell supernatant | human CCA cells, normal human cholangiocytes | human CCA cells | normal human cholangiocytes | Diagnosis and prognosis | [43] |
miR-96-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-4732-3p | miRNA | Up-regulated | Blood | 45 CCA patients, 40 Healthy controls | CCA patients (n = 45) | Healthy controls (n = 40) | Diagnosis | [57] |
LncRNA MALAT1 | LncRNA | Up-regulated | Serum | 12 CCA patients, 6 PSC patients, 8 UC patients, 9 Healthy controls | CCA patients (n = 12) | PSC patients (n = 6), UC patients (n = 8), Healthy individuals (n = 9) | Diagnosis | [53] |
ENST00000588480.1/ENST00000517758.1 | LncRNA | Up-regulated | Bile | 35 CCA patients, 56 Biliary obstruction patients | CCA patients (n = 35) | Biliary obstruction patients (n = 56) | Diagnosis and prognosis | [56] |
Cripto-1 | mRNA | Up-regulated | Serum | 115 PHCCA patients, 47 cholangitis patients, 65 Healthy controls | PHCCA patients (n = 115) | Cholangitis patients (n = 47), Healthy individuals (n = 65) | Diagnosis and prognosis | [55] |
UBE2C, SERPINB1 | mRNA | Up-regulated | Urine | 23 CCA patients, 5 PSC patients, 12 UC patients, 5 Healthy controls | CCA patients (n = 23) | PSC patients (n = 5), UC patients (n = 12), Healthy individuals (n = 5) | Diagnosis | [53] |
CMIP, GAD1, NDKP1, CDS1, CKS1B | mRNA | Up-regulated | Serum | 12 CCA patients, 6 PSC patients, 8 UC patients, 9 Healthy controls | CCA patients (n = 12) | PSC patients (n = 6), UC patients (n = 8), Healthy individuals (n = 9) | Diagnosis | [53] |
AMPN, VNN1, PIGR | Protein | Up-regulated | Serum | 43 CCA patients, 32 Healthy controls | CCA patients (n = 43) | Healthy individuals (n = 32) | Diagnosis | [60] |
FIBG, A1AG1, S100A8 | Protein | Up-regulated | Serum | 43 CCA patients, 30 PSC patients | CCA patients (n = 43) | PSC patients (n = 30) | Diagnosis | [60] |
HSP90 | Protein | Low phosphorylated | CCA cell supernatant | human CCA cell lines: KKU-M213(M213) and KKU-M213D5 (M213D5) | M213D5 cells (highly invasive) | M213 cells | Diagnosis and prognosis | [58] |
Claudin-3 | Protein | Up-regulated | Bile | 10 CCA patients, 10 Choledocholithiasis patients | CCA patients (n = 10) | Choledocholithiasis patients (n = 10) | Diagnosis | [59] |