Table 2 Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with diffuse-type GC
Clinical characteristics | SRCC radiomics model | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training cohort (n = 280) | Validation cohort (n = 114) | External validation cohort (n = 49) | |||||||
Non-SRCC (n = 180) | SRCC (n = 100) | p value | Non-SRCC (n = 59) | SRCC (n = 55) | p value | Non-SRCC (n = 34) | SRCC (n = 15) | p value | |
Gender, n | Â | Â | 0.004 | Â | Â | 0.098 | Â | Â | 0.109 |
  Male | 125 (69.4) | 52 (52.0) |  | 43 (72.9) | 32 (58.2) |  | 24 (70.6) | 7 (46.7) |  |
  Female | 55 (30.6) | 48 (48.0) |  | 16 (27.1) | 23 (41.8) |  | 10 (29.4) | 8 (53.3) |  |
Age, mean ± SD, years | 55.32 ± 10.61 | 53.36 ± 11.93 | 0.198 | 56.39 ± 11.70 | 51.36 ± 11.87 | 0.914 | 63.38 ± 15.39 | 57.93 ± 13.71 | 0.574 |
Age, n | Â | Â | 0.220 | Â | Â | 0.241 | Â | Â | 0.004 |
  < 60 | 111 (61.7) | 69 (69.0) |  | 38 (64.4) | 41 (74.5) |  | 12 (35.3) | 12 (80.0) |  |
  ≥ 60 | 69 (38.3) | 31 (31.0) |  | 21 ( (35.6) | 14 (25.5) |  | 22 (64.7) | 3 (20.0) |  |
Tumor size, cm | 3.29 ± 1.87 | 3.15 ± 2.29 | 0.032 | 3.74 ± 2.24 | 3.27 ± 2.10 | 0.839 |  | – | – |
Tumor size, n |  |  | 0.433 |  |  | 0.231 |  |  | – |
  < 4 cm | 114 (63.3) | 68 (68.0) |  | 31 (52.5) | 35 (63.6) |  | – | – |  |
  ≥ 4 cm | 66 (36.7) | 32 (32.0) |  | 28 (47.5) | 20 (36.4) |  | – | – |  |
Tumor location, n | Â | Â | 0.099 | Â | Â | 0.046 | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 Upper | 27 (15.0) | 7 (7.0) |  | 14 (23.7) | 4 (7.3) |  | 13 (38.2) | 1 (6.7) |  |
 Middle | 34 (18.9) | 14 (14.0) |  | 10 (16.9) | 10 (18.2) |  | 10 (29.4) | 2 (13.3) |  |
 Lower | 98 (54.4) | 62 (62.0) |  | 29 (49.2) | 28 (50.9) |  | 11 (32.4) | 12 (80.0) |  |
 Whole | 21 (11.7) | 17 (17.0) |  | 6 (10.2) | 13 (23.6) |  | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
Differentiation status, n | Â | Â | 0.162 | Â | Â | 0.049 | Â | Â | 0.079 |
 Well | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) |  | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
 Moderate | 11 (6.1) | 2 (2.0) |  | 4 (6.8) | 0 (0) |  | 10 (29.4) | 1 (6.7) |  |
 Poor and undifferentiated | 167 (92.8) | 98 (98.0) |  | 55 (93.2) | 55 (100) |  | 24 (70.6) | 14 (93.3) |  |
Bormann type, n |  |  | 0.001 |  |  |  < 0.001 |  |  | 0.506 |
 1 | 11 (6.1) | 7 (7.0) |  | 5 (8.5) | 4 (7.3) |  | 10 (29.4) | 4 (26.7) |  |
 2 | 28 (15.6) | 15 (15.0) |  | 16 (27.1) | 8 (14.5) |  | 13 (38.2) | 3 (20.0) |  |
 3 | 120 (66.7) | 48 (48.0) |  | 37 (62.7) | 25 (45.5) |  | 10 (29.4) | 7 (46.7) |  |
 4 | 21 (11.7) | 30 (30.0) |  | 1 (1.7) | 18 (32.7) |  | 1 (2.9) | 1 (6.7) |  |
CEA, n | Â | Â | 0.775 | Â | Â | 0.995 | Â | Â | 0.404 |
 Elevated | 86 (47.8) | 46 (46.0) |  | 30 (50.8) | 28 (50.9) |  | 18 (52.9) | 6 (40.0) |  |
 Normal | 94 (52.2) | 54 (54.0) |  | 29 (49.2) | 27 (49.1) |  | 16 (47.1) | 9 (60.0) |  |
CA199, n | Â | Â | 0.655 | Â | Â | 0.851 | Â | Â | 0.094 |
 Elevated | 86 (47.8) | 45 (45.0) |  | 30 (50.8) | 27 (49.1) |  | 6 (17.6) | 6 (40.0) |  |
 Normal | 94 (52.2) | 55 (55.0) |  | 29 (49.2) | 28 (50.9) |  | 28 (82.4) | 9 (60.0) |  |
Depth of invasion, n | Â | Â | 0.295 | Â | Â | 0.282 | Â | Â | 0.200 |
 T1 | 21 (11.7) | 19 (19.0) |  | 7 (11.9) | 8 (14.5) |  | 1 (2.9) | 2 (13.3) |  |
 T2 | 15 (8.3) | 6 (6.0) |  | 5 (8.5) | 4 (7.3) |  | 2 (5.9) | 3 (20.0) |  |
 T3 | 23 (12.8) | 9 (9.0) |  | 2 (3.4) | 7 (12.7) |  | 7 (20.6) | 2 (13.3) |  |
 T4 | 121 (67.2) | 66 (66.0) |  | 45 (76.3) | 36 (65.5) |  | 24 (70.6) | 8 (53.3) |  |
Lymph node metastasis, n | Â | Â | 0.043 | Â | Â | 0.395 | Â | Â | 0.878 |
 N0 | 50 (27.8) | 32 (32.0) |  | 16 (27.1) | 18 (32.7) |  | 7 (20.6) | 2 (13.3) |  |
 N1 | 42 (23.3) | 13 (13.0) |  | 15 (25.4) | 13 (23.6) |  | 5 (14.7) | 2 (13.3) |  |
 N2 | 38 (21.1) | 15 (15.0) |  | 13 (22.0) | 6 (10.9) |  | 10 (29.4) | 6 (40.0) |  |
 N3 | 50 (27.8) | 40 (40.0) |  | 15 (25.4) | 18 (32.7) |  | 12 (35.3) | 5 (33.3) |  |
Distant metastasis, n | Â | Â | 0.337 | Â | Â | 0.518 | Â | Â | 0.707 |
 M0 | 175 (97.2) | 95 (95.0) |  | 58 (98.3) | 53 (96.4) |  | 28 (92.4) | 13 (86.7) |  |
 M1 | 5 (2.8) | 5 (5.0) |  | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.6) |  | 6 (17.6) | 2 (13.3) |  |
TNM stage, n |  |  |  < 0.001 |  |  | 0.043 |  |  | 0.653 |
 I | 25 (13.9) | 22 (22.0) |  | 8 (13.6) | 10 (18.2) |  | 2 (5.9) | 2 (13.3) |  |
 II | 37 (20.6) | 14 (14.0) |  | 12 (20.3) | 9 (16.4) |  | 6 (17.6) | 2 (13.3) |  |
 III | 103 (57.2) | 40 (40.0) |  | 36 (61.0) | 26 (47.3) |  | 20 (58.9) | 9 (60.0) |  |
 IV | 15 (8.3) | 24 (24.0) |  | 3 (5.1) | 10 (18.2) |  | 6 (17.6) | 2 (13.3) |  |