Fig. 3

Large extracellular vesicles microRNA (lEV-miRNA) expression profile. A Volcano plot illustrates lEV-miRNAs that were significantly changed by more than two-fold (x-axis) with a p-value less than 0.05 (y-axis) between atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and non-AF controls. The red dots indicate significantly upregulated miRNAs. The green dots indicate significantly downregulated miRNAs. B Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed lEV-miRNAs between AF patients (n = 4) and non-AF controls (n = 4). MicroRNA clustering tree shown on the left, and sample clustering tree shown on the right. Red indicates miRNAs with relatively high expression, and green indicates miRNAs with relatively low expression