Fig. 1

Clinical history of the patient. One increment in the timeline ruler corresponds to five weeks, and numbers indicate months starting from the MRI before neoadjuvant systemic treatment to surgical interventions. Left column shows MRIs (transverse plane) before and after neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy for all three surgeries, and bar graphs indicate radiologic response measurements of individual lesions (T1–T5 are sampled lesions, Tx are non-sampled lesions) as the percent difference in diameter (% ΔØ) and as the absolute size difference in mm (Δmm). Columns to the right indicate (from left) chemotherapy (number of cycles and duration), resection of liver metastases, tissue sampling from the indicated liver segment (Roman numeral), immunohistochemistry of diagnostic markers in PDOs and one tissue sample. Scale bar = 50 µm. FLOX 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin, FLIRI 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan, PDO patient-derived organoid, LM liver metastasis, NED No evidence of disease, H&E hematoxylin and eosin