Table 1 The details and characteristics of the included studies
From: What can the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 tell us: a meta-analysis
Study | Design | Country | Case | Male(%) | Age (mean) | Neurologic manifestations | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Headache | Dizziness | Altered mental status | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Seizure | Stroke | Myalgia | Smell impairment | Taste dysfunction | Vision impairment | Alteration of consciousness | Encephalopathy | Encephalitis | Guillan-Barré Syndrome (GBS) | ||||||
José Manuel Abalo-Lojo et al. [15] | RS | Spain | 131 | 42.6 | 50.4 | 51 | 8 | / | / | / | / | 61 | 77 | 74 | / | / | / | / | / |
Türkan Acar et al. [16] | RS | Turkey | 30 | 43.3 | 51.6 | 10 | 3 | / | / | / | / | 15 | 10 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Pinky Agarwa et al. [17] | RS | USA | 404 | 48.8 | 61 | 82 | 31 | 86 | / | 2 | 3 | 131 | 18 | 27 | 5 | / | / | / | / |
H Avc et al. [18] | RS | Turkey | 1197 | 58.5 | 49.07 | 173 | / | / | / | / | / | 257 | 529 | 526 | / | / | / | / | / |
Ameen Biadsee et al. [19] | CS | Israel | 128 | 45.3 | 36.25 | 52 | / | / | / | / | / | 60 | 49 | 42 | / | / | / | / | / |
Aylin C¸alıca Utku et al. [20] | RS | Turkey | 143 | 53.9 | 55.63 | 43 | / | / | / | / | / | 49 | 33 | 51 | / | / | / | / | / |
Edoardo Caronna et al. [21] | PS | Spain | 130 | 49.2 | 53.9 | 97 | 19 | / | / | / | / | 39 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Eleonore Chary et al. [22] | PS,CS * | France | 115 | 30 | 47 | 62 | / | / | / | / | / | 57 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Yanan Li et al. [23] | RS | China | 219 | 40.6 | 53.3 | / | / | / | 1 | / | 10 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Aaron Rothstein et al. [24] | RS | USA | 844 | 48 | 59 | / | / | / | 8 | / | 20 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
James E Siegler et al. [25] | RS,cohort study* | USA | 172 | 59.5 | 69.5 | / | / | / | 28 | / | 156 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Prof Stéphane Kremer et al. [26] | RS * | France | 37 | 81 | 61 | 4 | / | / | / | 5 | / | / | / | / | / | 27 | / | / | / |
Veria Vacchiano et al. [27] | Questionnaire | Italy | 108 | 57 | 59 | 46 | 11 | / | / | / | / | 37 | 40 | 66 | / | / | / | / | / |
Ot´avio Melo Esp´ındola et al. [28] | CS | Brazil | 58 | 43.5 | 51.6 | 14 | / | / | 6 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 24 | / | 6 |
Jerome R. Lechien et al. [29] | Questionnaire | Europe | 1420 | 32.3 | 39.17 | 998 | / | / | / | / | / | 887 | 997 | 770 | / | / | / | / | / |
Imen Kacem et al. [30] | RS | Tunisia | 646 | 53.9 | 42.17 | 279 | / | / | / | / | / | 241 | 245 | 238 | 48 | / | / | / | / |
B.C. Yoon et al. [31] | RS | USA | 26 | 61.5 | 63.6 | 2 | / | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Chaolin Huang et al. [32] | PS | China | 41 | 73 | 49 | 3 | / | / | / | / | / | 18 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Manuel Requena et al. [33] | PS | Spain | 2050 | 56 | 66.5 | / | / | / | 4 | / | 21 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Jennifer A. Frontera et al. [34] | PS * | USA | 4491 | 66 | 71 | / | / | / | / | 74 | 84 | / | / | / | / | / | 309 | / | 3 |
Timothée Klopfenstein et al. [35] | RS | France | 54 | 33 | 47 | 44 | / | / | / | / | / | 40 | 54 | / | 4 | / | / | / | / |
Maryam Jalessi et al. [36] | PS | Iran | 92 | 67.4 | 52.94 | 20 | / | / | / | / | / | 57 | 22 | 15 | / | / | / | / | / |
David García-Azorín et al. [37] | CSS | Spain | 104 | 36.5 | 56.7 | 104 | 3 | 10 | / | / | / | 44 | 67 | / | / | 6 | / | / | / |
Samar Iltaf Sr et al. [38] | CSS | PAK | 350 | 70 | 49.5 | 21 | 12 | / | / | 1 | / | / | 5 | / | / | 7 | / | 3 | 1 |
Aamir Makda et al. [39] | CSS | PAK | 114 | 54.4 | 51 | 18 | 20 | / | / | 1 | / | / | 9 | 9 | 2 | 10 | / | / | / |
Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho et al. [40] | CSS | Brazil | 73 | 63 | 58 | 47 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 28 | 29 | / | / | / | / | / |
Abdelkader Mahammedi et al. [41] | RS * | Italy | 108 | 64 | 69 | 13 | 4 | 64 | 6 | 10 | 34 | 13 | 2 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Antoine Guilmot et al. [42] | PS | Belgium | 15 | 80 | 62 | / | / | / | / | 2 | / | / | 2 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Jerome R. Lechien et al. [43] | RS * | Belgium | 2013 | 34 | 39.5 | 1411 | / | / | / | / | / | 1244 | 1754 | 1136 | / | / | / | / | / |
Sara Mariotto et al. [44] | RS | Italy | 107 | 76.6 | 65.8 | 12 | 6 | / | / | / | / | 16 | 15 | 22 | / | 13 | / | / | / |
Claudio Liguori et al. [45] | PS | Italy | 103 | 57.3 | 55 | 40 | 27 | / | / | / | / | 25 | 40 | 48 | / | / | / | / | / |
Antoniangela Cocco et al. [46] | Questionnaire | Italy | 78 | 52.6 | 53.7 | 52 | 34 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 25 | / | / | / | / |
Nao Yan et al. [47] | RS, cohort study | China | 1682 | 48.9 | 50 | 216 | 15 | / | / | / | / | 311 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Elodie Meppiel et al. [48] | RS * | France | 222 | 61.3 | 65 | 24 | 5 | 117 | 5 | 21 | 52 | / | 7 | 4 | / | / | 67 | 21 | 15 |
Hisham Salahuddin et al. [49] | RS * | USA | 574 | 48.1 | 62.83 | 82 | 40 | / | / | 5 | 7 | 80 | 37 | 43 | / | / | 143 | / | / |
Rishu Garg et al. [50] | CSS | India | 106 | 61 | 49.07 | 24 | 20 | / | / | / | / | 20 | 26 | 35 | / | / | / | / | / |
Adalberto STUDART-NETO et al. [9] | RS | Brazil | 89 | 61.8 | 57.4 | 3 | 2 | / | 2 | 4 | 11 | 18 | 8 | 3 | / | 35 | 40 | / | / |
M Petrocelli et al. [51] | Cohort study | Italy | 301 | 25 | 43.6 | 133 | / | / | / | / | / | 128 | 141 | 114 | / | / | / | / | / |
Daniel J. Lee et al. [52] | CSS | Toronto | 56 | 41.1 | 38 | 10 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 31 | 32 | / | / | / | / | / |
Yujie Liang et al. [53] | RS | China | 86 | 51.2 | 25.5 | 12 | / | / | / | / | / | 8 | 34 | 33 | / | / | / | / | / |
Timothée Klopfenstein et al. [54] | RS | France | 70 | 41 | 57 | 51 | / | / | / | / | / | 41 | 37 | 34 | 3 | / | / | / | / |
Weixi Xiong et al. [55] | RS,cohort study* | China | 917 | 55 | 48.7 | 2 | / | / | / | / | 10 | / | / | / | / | 25 | / | / | / |
Jerome R. Lechien et al. [56] | PS * | Europe | 417 | 36.9 | 36.9 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 357 | 342 | / | / | / | / | / |
Yonghyun Lee et al. [57] | RS | Korea | 3191 | 36.4 | 44 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 389 | 353 | / | / | / | / | / |
Ömer Karadaş et al. [58] | PS | Turkey | 239 | 55.6 | 46.46 | 64 | 16 | / | / | / | / | 36 | 18 | 16 | 8 | 23 | / | / | 1 |
Benoit Tudrej et al. [59] | CSS | France | 816 | 35 | 45 | 359 | / | / | / | / | / | 166 | 156 | 188 | / | / | / | / | / |
Luigi Angelo Vaira et al. [60] | RS | Italy | 72 | 37.5 | 49.2 | 30 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 14 | 9 | / | / | / | / | / |
Valeria Dell’Era et al. [61] | CSS | Italy | 355 | 54.1 | 50 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 237 | 232 | / | / | / | / | / |
Luis Antonio Díaz et al. [62] | RS | Chile | 7016 | 50 | 40 | 3040 | / | / | / | / | / | 3082 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Ruth Levinson et al. [63] | RS | Israel | 42 | 54.8 | 34 | 20 | 9 | / | / | / | / | 24 | 14 | 15 | / | / | / | / | / |
Paolo J. Fantozzi et al. [64] | RS,cohort study | Italy | 111 | 52.3 | 57 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 3 | 46 | 66 | / | / | / | / | / |
Andy Jian Kai Chua et al. [65] | Cohort study | Singapore | 31 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 14 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Alvaro Beltrán-Corbellini et al. [66] | Case–control study * | Spain | 79 | 60.8 | 61.6 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 25 | 28 | / | / | / | / | / |
Giacomo Spinato et al. [67] | RS | UK | 202 | 48 | 56 | 86 | 28 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Nitesh Gupta et al. [68] | PS | India | 200 | 58 | 40.03 | 22 | / | / | / | / | / | 54 | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Marco Luigetti et al. [69] | RS | Italy | 213 | / | 70.2 | 10 | 3 | / | / | 6 | 2 | 20 | 13 | 6 | / | / | 86 | 1 | / |
Erdal Sakalli et al. [70] | Questionnaire | Turkey | 172 | 48.8 | 37.8 | 17 | / | / | / | / | / | 16 | 18 | 11 | / | / | / | / | / |
Eva Jiménez et al. [71] | RS,CS | Spain | 1549 | 57.5 | 69 | 133 | / | / | / | / | 11 | 291 | 41 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Yihui Huang et al. [72] | RS | China | 34 | 41.2 | 56.24 | 2 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Souheil Zayet et al. [73] | RS | France | 70 | 41 | 57 | 51 | / | / | / | / | / | 41 | 37 | 34 | 3 | / | / | / | / |
Tyler Scullen et al. [74] | RS,CSS | USA | 27 | 52 | 59.8 | 2 | / | 26 | / | / | / | / | / | 1 | / | / | 20 | / | / |
Ling Mao et al. [8] | RS,CS | China | 214 | 40.7 | 52.7 | 28 | 36 | / | / | 1 | / | / | 11 | 12 | 3 | 16 | / | / | / |
Brad Tyson et al. [75] | RS | USA | 71 | 47 | 79 | 5 | 9 | 47 | / | 3 | 2 | 11 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Alex Carignan MD MSc et al. [76] | Case − control study | Canada | 134 | 47.8 | 57.1 | 87 | 27 | / | / | / | / | 76 | 69 | 85 | 6 | / | / | / | / |
D. Hornuss et al. [77] | Case − control study | Germany | 45 | 55.6 | 56 | 10 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 18 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Firouzeh Heidari et al. [78] | CS | Iran | 23 | 34.8 | 37.4 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 4 | 16 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Kevin N. Sheth et al. [79] | PS,cohort study | USA | 20 | 85 | 80 | / | / | / | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Carol H. Yan MD et al. [80] | CSS | USA | 59 | 49.2 | / | 39 | / | / | / | / | / | 37 | 40 | 42 | / | / | / | / | / |
A. Mahammedi et al. [81] | RS * | USA | 135 | 64 | 68.2 | / | / | / | 14 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
A. Radmanesh et al. [82] | RS, CS | USA | 242 | 62 | 68.7 | / | / | 102 | 11 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
E. Lin et al. [83] | RS | USA | 278 | 59 | 71.8 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
François Lersy et al. [84] | RS | France | 58 | 66 | 62 | 3 | / | / | / | 6 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 47 | / | / |
Rajesh Benny et al. [85] | RS * | India | 100 | 63 | 57 | 21 | / | / | 9 | 18 | 78 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Deusdedit Branda ˜o Neto et al. [86] | PS | Brazil | 655 | 35.3 | 37.7 | 143 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 539 | 502 | / | / | / | / | / |
Eman M. Khedr et al. [87] | RS, case–control study* | Egypt | 439 | 54.5 | 62.8 | / | / | / | / | / | 53 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Shin-Woo Kim et al. [88] | RS * | Korea | 2254 | 35.8 | 58 | 378 | / | / | / | / | / | 385 | 27 | / | / | 24 | / | / | / |
Xiaolong Yao et al. [89] | RS | China | 2474 | 49.9 | 61 | / | / | / | / | / | 25 | 511 | / | / | / | 66 | / | / | / |
G.-u. Kim et al. [90] | RS | Korea | 172 | 66 | 26 | 54 | 32 | / | / | / | / | 54 | 68 | 58 | / | / | / | / | / |
Nathan J Brendish et al. [91] | PS,cohort study | UK | 197 | 57.4 | 68 | 73 | / | / | / | / | / | 62 | 47 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
L. Cleret de Langavant et al. [92] | RS | France | 26 | 73.1 | 58.3 | 11 | / | / | / | / | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | 6 | 8 | 2 |
Carlos DF de Souza et al. [93] | RS,CSS | Brazil | 9807 | 47.5 | 70.21 | 1980 | / | / | / | / | / | 868 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Daniel Schonfeld et al. [94] | RS | Argentina | 207,079 | 50 | 42.9 | 93,939 | / | / | / | 435 | / | 55,812 | 53,273 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Raphael L. Tuma et al. [95] | RS,CS | Brazil | 55 | 68 | 61.2 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 43 | / | / |
Souheil Zayet et al. [96] | RS | France | 95 | 16.8 | 39.8 | 74 | / | / | / | / | / | 71 | 60 | 62 | / | / | / | / | / |
Souheil Zayet et al. [97] | RS | France | 62 | 39 | 56 | 48 | / | / | / | / | / | 38 | 32 | / | / | / | / | 1 | / |
Seyed Hadi Samimi Ardestani et al. [98] | CSS * | Iran | 311 | 71.7 | 47 | 45 | / | / | / | / | / | 104 | 207 | 129 | / | / | / | / | / |
Andrea Pilotto et al. [99] | RS | Italy | 147 | 49 | 73.1 | 2 | / | 38 | / | 10 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Anne Schneider et al. [100] | RS | Germany | 87 | 44.8 | 37 | 26 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 44 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Shaista Alam et al. [101] | RS | USA | 17 | 58.8 | 61 | / | / | / | 2 | 3 | 11 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Behnam Sabayan et al. [102] | CS | Iran | 15 | 80 | 65 | / | / | / | 1 | / | 14 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Ryan HW Cho et al. [103] | PS,CSS | China | 83 | 57.8 | 36.4 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 39 | 36 | / | / | / | / | / |
Fan-Yun Lan et al. [104] | RS | USA | 83 | 27.7 | 43.9 | 34 | / | / | / | / | / | 47 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Nishanth Dev et al. [105] | RS, case–control study | India | 55 | 58 | 36 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 53 | 41 | / | / | / | / | / |
N’dri Juliette Kadiane-Oussou et al. [106] | RS | France | 55 | 58.2 | 68.5 | 25 | / | / | / | / | / | 39 | 17 | 18 | 2 | / | / | / | / |
Udo Zifko et al. [107] | RS | Austria | 82 | 53.7 | 56 | 25 | 13 | / | / | 1 | 4 | 5 | 22 | 25 | / | / | / | / | / |
Hiroki Nakanishi et al. [108] | RS | Japan | 60 | 55 | 51.4 | 13 | 3 | / | / | / | / | / | 19 | 18 | / | / | / | / | / |
Wang-Huei Sheng et al. [109] | PS | China | 217 | 46.5 | 33 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 73 | 62 | / | / | / | / | / |
Caizheng Yu et al. [110] | RS | China | 1663 | 50.4 | 64 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 57 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Shenae Samuels et al. [111] | RS | USA | 1537 | 47.4 | 51 | 219 | / | / | / | 6 | / | 439 | / | / | / | 60 | / | / | / |
Javier Trigo et al. [112] | RS | Spain | 576 | 56.7 | 67.2 | 137 | / | / | / | / | / | 139 | 146 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Eric M. Liotta et al. [113] | RS | USA | 509 | 55.2 | 58.5 | 192 | 151 | / | / | 4 | 7 | 228 | 58 | 81 | / | / | 162 | 1 | / |
Javier A. Membrilla et al. [114] | CSS | Spain | 45 | 37.8 | 40.4 | 39 | / | / | / | / | / | 23 | 28 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Alfonso Coppola et al. [115] | PS | Italy | 73 | 71.2 | 69.75 | 29 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Sarah I.M. Janus et al. [116] | RS | Netherlands | 88 | 27.3 | 83.5 | 17 | / | / | / | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Piotr Tekiela et al. [117] | RS * | USA | 4491 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 539 | 629 | / | / | / | / | / | 2290 | / | / |
Alberto J. Guillén Martínez et al. [118] | RS | Spain | 126 | 50 | 51.46 | 63 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 79 | 75 | / | / | / | / | / |
Aline Mendes et al. [119] | RS,CSS | Switzerland | 265 | 43 | 85.9 | / | / | / | / | / | 11 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Sara Radmard et al. [120] | RS,CS | USA | 33 | 60.6 | 56.1 | / | / | / | / | 9 | 5 | / | / | / | / | / | 12 | / | / |
Russell R. Kempker et al. [121] | RS | USA | 51 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 28 | 26 | 27 | / | / | / | / | / |
Patrick Dawson et al. [122] | RS | USA | 42 | 53 | 21 | 32 | / | / | / | / | / | 24 | 18 | 24 | / | / | / | / | / |
Vanessa Oliveira et al. [123] | RS * | Portugal | 1261 | 51.3 | 70 | 169 | 8 | / | / | 19 | / | 114 | 52 | 47 | / | 122 | / | / | / |
Stéphane Kremer et al. [124] | RS * | France | 64 | 67 | 65 | 10 | / | / | / | 1 | 17 | / | 2 | 4 | / | 25 | / | 8 | / |
Nicola Rifino et al. [125] | RS | Italy | 1760 | 66 | 64.9 | 3 | / | 49 | / | 10 | 37 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 5 | 17 |
Pria Anand et al. [126] | PS | USA | 74 | 57 | 64 | 13 | 5 | 39 | / | 15 | 14 | 18 | 2 | / | / | 3 | 26 | / | / |
Fernando Daniel Flores-Silva et al. [127] | PS,CSS | Mexico | 1072 | 65 | 53.2 | 76 | 4 | 11 | / | 9 | 9 | 75 | 11 | 14 | / | / | / | 2 | / |
Juan Carlos Garcia-Monco et al. [128] | PS | Spain | 100 | 62 | 63.5 | 44 | 36 | / | / | 2 | / | 43 | / | / | / | / | 9 | / | / |
Carlos Manuel Romero-Sánchez et al. [129] | RS * | Spain | 841 | 56.2 | 66.42 | 119 | 51 | / | 3 | 6 | 11 | 145 | 41 | 52 | / | / | / | 1 | / |
Emad Nader Eskandar et al. [130] | RS * | USA | 4711 | 53.3 | 66.3 | / | / | 258 | / | 26 | 55 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Aravinthan Varatharaj et al. [131] | PS | UK | 153 | 48 | 71 | / | / | 39 | 9 | / | 57 | / | / | / | / | / | 9 | 7 | / |
Xudong He et al. [132] | RS | China | 77 | 49.4 | 56 | 4 | 9 | / | / | / | / | 18 | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Suman Kushwaha et al. [133] | CSS | India | 14 | 50 | 41.5 | 4 | / | / | / | 5 | 2 | / | 2 | / | / | / | / | / | 1 |
Alberto Romagnolo et al. [134] | RS | Italy | 344 | 59.3 | 61.5 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 6 | 7 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Sonia M. D. Brucki et al. [135] | RS | Brazil | 63 | 50.8 | 60 | 1 | / | / | / | 5 | 25 | / | / | / | / | / | 17 | / | 1 |
Denise Battaglini et al. [136] | RS | Italy | 94 | 78.7 | 61.6 | / | / | / | / | 2 | 3 | / | / | / | / | / | 2 | / | / |
Sofía Portela- Sánchez et al. [137] | PS | Spain | 71 | 70.4 | 69 | / | / | / | 3 | 6 | 16 | / | / | / | / | / | 15 | / | / |
Mehran Ghaffari et al. [138] | RS | Iran | 361 | 59.3 | 61.9 | 109 | 34 | 41 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 174 | 69 | 69 | / | / | 11 | / | 1 |
David T. Chuang et al. [139] | RS | USA | 56 | 43 | 69.2 | 7 | / | / | 2 | 6 | 18 | / | / | / | 3 | 25 | / | / | / |
Man Amanat et al. [140] | PS * | Iran | 873 | 63.7 | 60.71 | 110 | 104 | / | / | / | / | 217 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Siyuan Fan et al. [141] | RS | China | 86 | 62.8 | 66.6 | 8 | 6 | / | / | / | 6 | 15 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Giovanna Travi et al. [142] | RS | Italy | 901 | 51.7 | 64 | 39 | / | / | / | 19 | 53 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 5 | / |
Hatice Yuksel et al. [143] | RS | Turkey | 204 | 58.5 | 67.22 | 28 | 32 | 139 | / | 27 | 22 | / | / | / | / | 132 | / | / | / |
Verena Rass et al. [144] | PS,cohort study * | Austria | 135 | 61 | 56 | / | / | / | / | 1 | 1 | / | 1 | / | / | / | 2 | / | 1 |
Marco H. Carcamo Garcia et al. [145] | PS, CSS | Peru | 199 | 43 | 43 | 143 | 68 | / | / | 1 | / | 92 | 80 | 81 | 17 | 7 | / | / | / |
Juan Carlos García-Moncó et al. [146] | PS, CSS | Spain | 35 | 71 | 66 | 3 | / | / | / | 2 | 3 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
David García-Azorín et al. [147] | RS * | Spain | 233 | 54.9 | 61.1 | 30 | / | 55 | / | 27 | 63 | / | 41 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
David García- Azorí et al. [148] | RS,cohort study | Spain | 576 | 56.6 | 67.19 | 137 | 11 | 98 | / | 3 | / | 139 | 146 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Ummehan Ermis et al. [149] | PS, CSS | Germany | 53 | 60 | 63 | 11 | 6 | / | / | / | / | / | 14 | 8 | / | / | 2 | / | / |
Andrea Giorgianni et al. [150] | RS | Italy | 26 | 46.1 | 70.6 | 1 | 3 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 1 | / |
A. Patel et al. [151] | RS | UK | 141 | 58.9 | 45.6 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 93 | 80 | 89 | / | / | / | / | / |
Fatemeh Sadat Mirfazeli et al. [152] | RS | Iran | 201 | 100 | 51.84 | 80 | / | / | / | 4 | 2 | / | 68 | 66 | / | / | / | / | / |
Fazilet Altin et al. [153] | PS * | Turkey | 81 | 50.6 | 54.16 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 50 | 22 | / | / | / | / | / |
Kuganathan Ramasamy et al. [154] | RS | Malaysia | 145 | 62.1 | 43 | 8 | 1 | / | / | / | / | / | 31 | 34 | / | / | / | / | / |
Alberto Paderno et al. [155] | PS,cohort study | Italy | 151 | 37 | 45 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 126 | 135 | / | / | / | / | / |
Marlene M. Speth et al. [156] | PS, CSS | USA | 103 | 48.5 | 46.8 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 63 | 67 | / | / | / | / | / |
Kunal Thakur et al. [157] | PS | India | 250 | 57.6 | / | 124 | / | / | / | / | / | 98 | 179 | 79 | / | / | / | / | / |
Müge Özçelik Korkmaz et al. [158] | PS,cohort study | Turkey | 116 | 50 | 57.24 | 43 | 37 | / | / | / | / | / | 44 | 48 | / | / | / | / | / |
Elif Elibol et al. [159] | RS | Turkey | 155 | 42.2 | 36.3 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 55 | 25 | / | / | / | / | / |
Jerome R. Lechien et al. [160] | RS | France | 86 | 34.9 | 41.7 | 42 | / | / | / | / | / | 30 | 53 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
G. O’Sullivan et al. [161] | RS, case–control study | Ireland | 102 | 23 | 44.1 | 36 | / | / | / | / | / | 30 | 4 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
Edith L. Graham et al. [162] | PS | USA | 50 | 34 | 43.7 | 32 | 20 | / | / | / | / | 30 | 37 | 32 | 9 | / | / | / | / |
Kate Gregorevic et al. [163] | RS | Australia | 106 | 40.6 | 84.3 | 7 | 7 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Hao Lv et al. [164] | RS * | China | 196 | 44.9 | 50.6 | 11 | / | / | / | / | / | 26 | 16 | 9 | / | / | / | / | / |
Agathe Nouchi et al. [165] | CSS | France | 390 | 51.8 | 50.5 | 148 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 129 | 130 | / | / | / | / | / |
Shima Shahjouei et al. [166] | PS * | USA | 432 | 57.6 | 65.7 | / | / | / | 91 | / | 323 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Patricia Bustos et al. [167] | RS | Chile | 458 | 47.4 | 46.35 | 216 | / | / | / | / | / | 281 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Adnan A. Mubaraki et al. [168] | RS | Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | 1022 | 60.9 | / | 520 | / | / | / | / | / | 605 | 542 | 525 | / | / | / | / | / |
Egehan Salepci et al. [169] | CSS | Turkey | 223 | 50.7 | 51 | 59 | 5 | / | / | / | / | 113 | 71 | 77 | / | / | / | / | / |
J. Zhang et al. [170] | RS,cohort study | China | 663 | 48.4 | 55.6 | 20 | 23 | / | / | / | / | 63 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Alberto Paderno et al. [171] | CSS | Italy | 508 | 56 | 55 | 198 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 283 | 321 | / | / | / | / | / |
Izquierdo-Domínguez A et al. [172] | PS, CSS * | Spain | 846 | 52.7 | 56.8 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 454 | 442 | / | / | / | / | / |
Alma Tostmann et al. [173] | RS | The Netherlands | 90 | 21.1 | / | 64 | / | / | / | / | / | 57 | 37 | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Maria Rosaria Barillari et al. [174] | RS * | Italy | 179 | 50.3 | 41 | 73 | / | / | / | / | / | 84 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Elisabeth Ninchritz-Becerra et al. [175] | PS | Spain | 1043 | 36.4 | 39 | 782 | / | / | / | / | / | 719 | 826 | 718 | / | / | / | / | / |
Brian E. Dixon et al. [176] | RS | USA | 368 | 44.4 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 117 | 94 | 105 | / | / | / | / | / |
Eman M. Khedr et al. [177] | RS | Egypt | 55 | 50.9 | 51.5 | 21 | 9 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Pınar Sayın et al. [178] | RS | Turkey | 52 | 69.2 | 61.32 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 21 | 19 | / | / | / | / | / |
Eric J. Chow et al. [179] | RS | USA | 48 | 22.9 | 43 | 20 | / | / | / | / | / | 29 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Altunisik E et al. [180] | RS | Turkey | 51 | 56.9 | 52.78 | 9 | 7 | / | / | / | / | / | 3 | 3 | / | 4 | / | / | / |