Fig. 3
From: HLA-dependent heterogeneity and macrophage immunoproteasome activation during lung COVID-19 disease
Analysis of single-cell heterogeneity in bronchoalveolar cells highlights activation of the immunoproteasome in M1 macrophages during mild COVID-19. A UMAP dimensionality reduction performed on gene expression in bronchoalveolar cells from healthy donors (HS, n = 6 subjects), patients with mild COVID-19 (MC, n = 3 patients), and patients with severe COVID-19 (SC, n = 3 patients). B Dotplot representing bronchoalveolar expression of macrophage and immune-signaling markers. C Dotplot representing bronchoalveolar expression of immunoproteasome-related genes. D Violinplot (left) and UMAP plot of single-cell bronchoalveolar expression (right) of the M1 macrophage marker CD68 among sample groups. E Violinplot (left) and UMAP plot of single-cell bronchoalveolar expression (right) of immunoproteasome subunit PSMB8 among sample groups. F Correlations between single-cell expressions of immunoproteasome-related genes versus that of M1 macrophage marker CD68 in bronchoalveolar cells