Fig. 1

Interface position of Translational Precision Medicine in bridging translational medicine (early development) and precision medicine (late development). Disease models, multi-omics and molecular biomarkers are used to define disease endotypes. Real-world evidence, multi-omics, biomarkers (digital and molecular) and companion diagnostics are instrumental for the implementation of precision medicine. Model-based data integration, biomarker-guided trial designs and artificial intelligence are key data-driven tools for the integration of mechanism-centric translational medicine and patient-centric precision medicine