Fig. 1

A rat model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation thrombosis using a 3D-printed mock-oxygenator. Rat ECMO was established by cannulating the left carotid artery for access and the right jugular vein for return. The circuit consisted of a 1/16 inch ID tube, pump, and a 3D-printed mock-oxygenator. Pressure was monitored via T-connectors at the inlet and outlet of the simulated oxygenator. Heparin was administered through the inlet pressure line, and norepinephrine was administered through the outlet pressure line. Anesthetics were administered via the tail vein and sodium bicarbonate via the femoral vein. The femoral artery was used to monitor systemic arterial pressure and collect blood samples (a). The mock-oxygenator was designed with a 7.3 mm wide, 3 mm high, and 20 mm long flow chamber (b)