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Table 4 Levels of associations between MetaCyc pathways and markers

From: The gut microbiota is associated with the small intestinal paracellular permeability and the development of the immune system in healthy children during the first two years of life

Metabolic pathway

Changea

RMC

LME

Pathway

ZON

CALP

P-163 PWY

 

Same

  

L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate

CENTFERM-PWY

Same

  

Calp (common slope model, negative β coeff.)

Pyruvate fermentation to butanoate

FUCCAT-PWY

Same

 

Zon ( +)

 

Fucose degradation

GLCMANNANAUT-PWY

Same

   

Superpathway of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine and N-acetylneuraminate degradation

PWY-4984

Same

   

Urea cycle

PWY-6588

Same

 

Zon (+),

Calp (−)

 

Pyruvate fermentation to acetone

PWY-6590

Same

  

Calp (common slope model, negative β coeff.)

Superpathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum acidogenic fermentation

PWY-6608

Same

   

Guanosine nucleotides degradation III

PWY-7003

Same

 

Zon (+)

 

Glycerol degradation to butanol

PWY-7013

Same

   

(S)-propane-1,2-diol degradation

PWY-7184

Opposite

   

Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I

PWY-7237

Same

 

Zon (+)

 

myo-, chiro- and scyllo-inositol degradation

FUC-RHAMCAT-PWY

  

Zon (+)

 

Superpathway of fucose and rhamnose degradation

PWY-5676

  

Zon (+)

 

Acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II

PWY-5677

  

Zon (+),

Calp (−)

 

Succinate fermentation to butanoate

PWY-6353

  

Zon (+)

 

Purine nucleotides degradation II (aerobic)

PWY-6478

  

Zon (+)

 

GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis

PENTOSE-P-PWY

   

Calp (common slope model, positive β coeff.)

Pentose phosphate pathway

PWY-6545

   

Zon (different slopes model) negative β coeff.: P3-P4;

positive β coeff.: P4–P6, P5–P6

Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III

PWY0-845

   

Zon (different slopes model) positive β coeff.: P3–P4

Superpathway of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis and salvage

PWY-6901

   

Zon (different slopes model) positive β coeff.: P3–P4, P5–P6

Superpathway of glucose and xylose degradation

SALVADEHYPOX-PWY

  

Zon (+)

 

Adenosine nucleotides degradation II

  1. aco-occurrence between change in the pathway abundance and change in zonulin (P2-P4/P5/P6, P3-P4/P5/P6) or calprotectin (P2-P5/P6, P3-P5/P6, P4-P6) levels: same—a change in the pathway abundance and change in marker level between time points occur in the same direction, opposite—a change in the pathway abundance and change in marker level between time points occur in the opposite direction. RMC (repeated measures correlation)—correlation between the pathway abundance and concentration of zonulin/calprotectin for paired measures assessed on six occasions (from P1 to P6, i.e., the entire observation period); LME (linear mixed-effects analysis)—an association between the pathway abundance change and marker change accounting for multiple time point pairs from the same subject, including time-point pair-specific relationships with either absence (the common slope model) or presence of the interaction (the different slopes model) between the abundance change and the time point pair); (+), positive RMC coefficient; (−), negative RMC coefficient