The role of opioids in cancer response to immunotherapy

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate analysis for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)

	Cox-regression analysis for survival
	Univariate (PFS)		Multivariate (PFS)		Univariate (OS)		Multivariate (OS)
	HR (95%CI)	p	HR (95%CI)	p	HR (95%CI)	P	HR (95%CI)	p
Sex Female v Male	0.9 (0.60–1.30)	0.548			1.03 (0.65–1.58)	0.934
Age categories
> 75 v 65–75 v < 65	1.06 (0.83–1.34)	0.633			1.19 (0.89–1.58)	0.232
Baseline ECOG PS ³1 v 0	1.65 (1.36–1.99)	< 0.0001	1.46 (1.19–1.80)	< 0.0001	2.25 (1.74–2.90)	< 0.0001	1.99 (1.52–2.61)	< 0.0001
Comorbidities ³2 v 0–1	0.84 (0.57–1.24)	0.386			0.97 (0.62–1.54)	0.918
Immunotherapy setting III- and beyond v II- v I-line	0.956 (0.75–1.21)	0.721			1.06 (0.81–1.42)	0.606
Antibiotics antimicotics
YES v NOT	1.5 (0.82–2.73)	0.187			2.24 (1.25–3.99)	0.006	1.48 (0.80–2.73)	0.201
Corticosteroids
YES v NOT	2.13 (1.40–3.24)	< 0.0001	1.42 (0.90–2.23)	0.122	2.48 (1.55–3.97)	< 0.0001	1.41 (0.84–2.35)	0.19
Opioids
YES v NOT	1.69 (1.37–2.09)	< 0.0001	1.44 (1.15–1.79)	0.001	1.6 (1.26–2.02)	< 0.0001	1.24 (0.97–1.61)	0.087
Tumor burden
High v Low	1.79 (1.22–2.62)	0.003	1.43 (0.97–2.11)	0.071	2.06 (1.31–3.24)	0.002	1.58 (0.98–2.52)	0.057

mPFS median progression free survival, mOS median overall survival, HR hazard ratio, p p value. In bold p ≤ 0.05

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