Creatine homeostasis and protein energy wasting in hemodialysis patients

Table 3 Comparison of the dialysate losses of arginine, guanidinoacetate, creatine and creatinine per hemodialysis session

Metabolite	Total cohort	Males	Females	P-value
Arginine
Total loss, μmol	1939 ± 871	2053 ± 921	1748 ± 760	0.2
Estimated extracellular loss, μmol	287 ± 344^***	318 ± 390^***	235 ± 248^***	0.3
Estimated intracellular loss, μmol	1655 ± 859^***	1747 ± 922^***	1497 ± 733^***	0.3
Guanidinoacetate
Total loss, μmol	37 ± 20	41 ± 20	31 ± 18	0.05
Estimated extracellular loss, μmol	12 ± 7^***	13 ± 8^***	10 ± 5^**	0.08
Estimated intracellular loss, μmol	25 ± 19^***	28 ± 20^***	21 ± 16^**	0.2
Creatine
Total loss, μmol	719 [399–1070]	655 [397–1015]	867 [464–1363]	0.2
Estimated extracellular loss, μmol	79 [19–196] ^***	58 [5–144] ^***	147 [42–231] ^***	0.04
Estimated intracellular loss, μmol	612 [365–902] ^***	545 [365–871] ^***	697 [413–1052] ^***	0.4
Creatinine
Total loss, mmol	15.5 ± 8.4	17.5 ± 9.6	12.0 ± 3.9	0.003
Estimated extracellular loss, mmol	6.8 ± 2.5^*	7.2 ± 2.7^*	6.2 ± 1.9	0.2
Estimated intracellular loss, mmol	8.7 ± 7.1^*	10.4 ± 8.4^*	5.8 ± 2.2	0.003

ECV is calculated according to the formula by Abraham et al. [27]
Differences between males and females are tested using an independent sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Differences between extracellular and intracellular removal are tested using paired sample t-test or the paired samples Wilcoxon test, and statistical significance is indicated with asterixis (^* P < 0.05; ^** P < 0.01; ^*** P < 0.001)

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