Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

Number of individuals, No.

16,309

5314

20,770

Female, No. (%)

9146 (56.1%)

2706 (50.9%)

12,125 (58.4%)

Age, y

57.28 (7.45)

57.79 (7.39)

55.34 (7.63)

Coronary artery disease, No. (%)

816 (5.0%)

361 (6.8%)

768 (3.7%)

Ischemic stroke, No. (%)

398 (2.4%)

153 (2.9%)

295 (1.4%)

Cardio-cerebrovascular disease, No. (%)

1185 (7.3%)

497 (9.4%)

1039 (5.0%)

Anthropometric traits

 Body mass index, kg/m²

25.04 (2.95)

25.12 (3.07)

24.68 (2.82)

 Waist circumference, cm

84.37 (8.38)

85.52 (8.44)

83.37 (8.28)

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

135.1 (14.58)

127.55 (14.93)

125.07 (14.64)

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

83.2 (9.88)

77.48 (9.37)

77.33 (9.61)

Biochemical traits

 Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl

100.28 (23.37)

132.7 (38.71)

98.73 (23.12)

 Total cholesterol, mg/dl

196.62 (36.79)

188.9 (40.78)

212.18 (43.92)

 HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

51.65 (12.72)

49.01 (11.9)

48.44 (13.8)

 Triglyceride, mg/dl

143.83 (95.78)

159.51 (119.82)

176.4 (114.14)

 LDL cholesterol, mg/dl

116.23 (34.5)

108.02 (37.21)

128.47 (42.28)

Lifestyle factors

 Smoking status: Never/Quit/Current, No. (%)

10,979 (67.3%)/ 3497 (21.4%)/ 1833(11.2%)

3221 (60.6%)/ 1266 (23.8%)/ 827(15.6%)

13,889 (66.9%)/ 3849 (18.5%)/ 3032(14.6%)

 Drinking status: Never/Quit/Current, No. (%)

7965 (48.8%)/ 760 (4.7%)/ 7584(46.5%)

2629 (49.5%)/ 325(6.1%)/ 2360(44.4%)

10,592 (51%)/ 891 (4.3%)/ 9287(44.7%)

 Exercise status: No/Yes, No. (%)

7924 (48.6%)/ 8385 (51.4%)

2633 (49.5%)/ 2681(50.5%)

10,040 (48.3%)/ 10,730 (51.7%)