Second trimester maternal serum D-dimer combined with alpha-fetoprotein and free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin predict hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and retrospective case–control study

Table 4 The value evaluation for the risk models

Groups (n) screening indicators	FPR	FNR	PPV	NPV	+ LR	− LR
GH (126)
DD	0.676	0.000	0.578	1.000	1.478	0.000
AFP	0.574	0.333	0.519	0.580	1.162	0.782
Free β-hCG	0.551	0.302	0.540	0.616	1.266	0.672
DD + AFP	0.500	0.079	0.630	0.872	1.841	0.159
DD + free β-hCG	0.500	0.063	0.634	0.895	1.873	0.127
AFP + free β-hCG	0.515	0.349	0.539	0.600	1.264	0.720
DD + AFP + free β-hCG	0.463	0.103	0.642	0.849	1.936	0.192
PE (53)
DD	0.360	0.151	0.479	0.916	2.357	0.236
AFP	0.184	0.623	0.444	0.771	2.053	0.763
Free β-hCG	0.029	0.887	0.600	0.737	3.849	0.914
DD + AFP	0.382	0.132	0.469	0.923	2.270	0.214
DD + free β-hCG	0.353	0.170	0.478	0.907	2.352	0.262
AFP + free β-hCG	0.662	0.208	0.318	0.807	1.197	0.614
DD + AFP + free β-hCG	0.353	0.151	0.484	0.917	2.406	0.233
SPE (41)
DD	0.287	0.000	0.512	1.000	3.487	0.000
AFP	0.551	0.146	0.318	0.910	1.548	0.326
Free β-hCG	0.824	0.049	0.258	0.923	1.155	0.276
DD + AFP	0.243	0.000	0.554	1.000	4.121	0.000
DD + free β-hCG	0.235	0.049	0.549	0.981	4.043	0.064
AFP + free β-hCG	0.559	0.122	0.321	0.923	1.571	0.276
DD + AFP + free β-hCG	0.243	0.000	0.554	1.000	4.121	0.000
HDP = GH + PE + SPE (220)
DD	0.360	0.264	0.768	0.600	2.044	0.412
AFP	0.257	0.605	0.713	0.432	1.537	0.814
Free β-hCG	0.551	0.368	0.650	0.430	1.146	0.821
DD + AFP	0.596	0.068	0.717	0.786	1.565	0.169
DD + free β-hCG	0.603	0.050	0.718	0.831	1.576	0.126
AFP + free β-hCG	0.551	0.332	0.662	0.455	1.212	0.740
DD + AFP + free β-hCG	0.316	0.291	0.784	0.592	2.243	0.425

D-D D-dimer, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, free β-hCG free β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, GH gestational hypertension, PE preeclampsia, SPE severe preeclampsia, FNR False negative rate, FPR False positive rate, PPV Positive predictive value, NPV Negative predictive value, + LR Positive likelihood ratio, −LR Negative likelihood ratio

ISSN: 1479-5876