The dysregulated innate immune response in severe COVID-19 pneumonia that could drive poorer outcome

Table 3 Multivariate linear regression factors associated with duration of mechanical ventilation (variation in minutes) in the first 30 days of hospitalization among 63 patients with severe pneumonia (LYMPHONIE study, 2018-2020)

Model Variable effect	GM-CSF model 1			GM-CSF model 2			CXCL10 model 1			CXCL10 model 2			IL-10 model 1			IL-10 model 2
Model Variable effect	Mean diff	(± SE)	p	Mean diff	±SE	p	Mean diff	±SE	p	Mean diff	±SE	p	Mean diff	±SE	p	Mean diff	±SE	p
GM-CSF (per 1 pg/ml increase)	22.1	(± 8.4)	0.011	32.7	(± 7.5)	<.0001		NE			NE			NE			NE
CXCL10 (per 100 pg/ml increase)		NE			NE		24.2	(± 23.2)	0.302	46.4	(± 23.1)	0.049		NE			NE
IL-10 (per 10 pg/ml increase)		NE			NE			NE			NE		13.7	(± 10.8)	0.208	23.8	(± 11.1)	0.036
Age (per additional year)	−19.0	(± 121.2)	0.876	42.0	(± 121.1)	0.730	−1.8	(± 127.0)	0.989	69.3	(± 135.1)	0.61	−29.9	(± 129.4)	0.8178	30.19	(± 137.4)	0.827
COVID-19 (Yes vs No)	8,149.7	(± 3200.6)	0.014	7,633.2	(± 3142.4)	0.018	1,113	(± 3,142.4)	0.001	11.7	(± 3.3)	0.0009	10.7	(± 3,2)	0.001	11,12	(± 3,341.8)	0.002
SOFA (for each additional point)	1,667.8	(± 542.5)	0.003		NE		2,080.9	(± 551.14)	0.0004		NE		2,139.4	(± 524)	0.0001		NE
PaO₂:FiO₂ (per 1 point increase)	NE			−90.2	(± 27.8)	0.002	NE			−82.6	(± 31.4)	0.011	NE			−93.0	(± 30.8)	0.004
R²	41.46%			42.4%			35.61%			28.33%			36.18%			29.0%

GM-CSF Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL interleukin, CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand, NE not entered in the model, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, PaO2:FiO2 arterial pressure of oxygen/oxygen inspiratory fraction, SE standard error

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