Table 2 Incidence and Hazard ratio for Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease-associated risk factor
Variable | Event | PY | Rate# | Crude HR(95% CI) | Adjusted HR† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ankylosing spondylitis | |||||
No | 210 | 170,858 | 1.23 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 102 | 43,252 | 2.36 | 1.92 (1.52, 2.43)*** | 1.75 (1.38, 2.22)*** |
Age, year | |||||
≤ 49 | 25 | 125,771 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
50–64 | 71 | 55,426 | 1.28 | 6.44 (4.08, 10.2)*** | 5.16 (3.23, 8.23)*** |
≥ 65 | 216 | 32,913 | 6.56 | 32.7 (21.6, 49.5)*** | 21.2 (13.5, 33.3)*** |
Sex | |||||
Female | 163 | 103,378 | 1.58 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 149 | 110,732 | 1.35 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) | – |
Comorbidity | |||||
Diabetes | |||||
No | 269 | 201,713 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 43 | 12,397 | 3.47 | 2.55 (1.85, 3.52)*** | 0.87 (0.62,1 .21) |
Hypertension | |||||
No | 111 | 165,512 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 201 | 48,597 | 4.14 | 6.12 (4.85, 7.72)*** | 1.39 (1.05, 1.84)* |
Hyperlipidemia | |||||
No | 204 | 181,940 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 108 | 32,169 | 3.36 | 2.97 (2.35, 3.75)*** | 1.07 (0.83, 1.38) |
Stroke | |||||
No | 277 | 210,265 | 1.32 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 35 | 3845 | 9.10 | 6.73 (4.73, 9.57)*** | 1.68 (1.16, 2.43)** |
Depression | |||||
No | 279 | 207,215 | 1.35 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 33 | 6895 | 4.79 | 3.48 (2.43, 5.00)*** | 1.97 (1.36, 2.85)*** |
Coronary artery disease | |||||
No | 190 | 190,490 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 122 | 23,620 | 5.17 | 5.13 (4.09, 6.45)*** | 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) |
Head injury | |||||
No | 298 | 209,730 | 1.42 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 14 | 4379 | 3.20 | 2.20 (1.29, 3.76)** | 1.28 (0.74, 2.20) |
Chronic kidney disease | |||||
No | 264 | 202,493 | 1.30 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 48 | 11,617 | 4.13 | 3.15 (2.32, 4.28)*** | 1.11 (0.81, 1.53) |
Epilepsy | |||||
No | 309 | 212,960 | 1.45 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 3 | 1150 | 2.61 | 1.76 (0.57, 5.50) | – |
Medication | |||||
NSAIDs | |||||
No | 266 | 149,655 | 1.78 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 46 | 64,455 | 0.71 | 0.41 (0.30, 0.56)*** | 0.69 (0.50,0 .96)* |