Extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches in autoimmune diseases

Table 1 EV-associated biomarkers in primary Sjögren’s syndrome

EVs or constituents	Source	Isolation method	Quantification method	References
Total MPs, PMPs, leukocyte-derived MPs	Plasma	Centrifugation	Functional prothrombinase capture assay and flow cytometry	[22]
EMPs	Plasma	Affinity-based capture	Flow cytometry	[28]
APMAP, GNA13, WDR1, SIRPA, LSP1	Saliva	Size-exclusion chromatography	Flow cytometry	[24]
CPNE1, CALM	Tear	Size-exclusion chromatography	Flow cytometry	[24]

MPs microparticles, PMPs platelet-derived MPs, EMPs endothelial MPs, APMAP adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein, GNA13 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-1, WDR1 WD repeat-containing protein 1, SIRPA tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type substrate 1, LSP1 cell-specific protein 1, CPNE1 Copine 1, CALM Calmodulin

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