Fig. 5

Force measurements in isolated cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte measurements revealed no significant changes in the Ca²⁺-sensitivity (pCa₅₀) among groups. a, b A smaller k_tr,max parameter was seen in all DOX-treated animals. c Cardiomyocytes isolated from the AA group had a slightly but significantly lower active force value than in CON (d), while cardiomyocytes in the BB group had a slightly elevated passive force value. e Illustration of an isolated cardiomyocyte. n = number of animals per group (2–3 cardiomyocytes per animal); Statistics: Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test; numbers are p values. pCa₅₀ = Ca²⁺-sensitivity of isometric force production, k_tr,max = rate constant of force redevelopment